General Administration of Market Supervision on IssuingNotice of the Development Plan for Certification, Accreditation, Inspection and Testing in the 14th Five-Year Plan

Guo Shi Jian Zheng Jian Fa [2022] No.69

National Medical Products Administration, China National Intellectual Property Administration, market supervision bureaus (departments and commissions) of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and all departments and directly affiliated units of the General Administration:

The Development Plan for Certification, Accreditation, Inspection and Testing in the 14th Five-Year Plan has been adopted at the 9th executive meeting of the General Administration of Market Supervision on July 15th, 2022, and is hereby printed and distributed to you. Please implement it carefully.

General administration of market supervision

July 29, 2022

(This piece is publicly released)

Development Plan of Certification, Accreditation, Inspection and Testing in the Tenth Five-Year Plan

In order to promote the development of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing industry during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, this plan is formulated according to the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Outline of Long-term Objectives in 2035 and the 14th Five-Year Plan for Market Supervision Modernization.

I. Compilation background

(1) Development achievements during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period

During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, closely following the essential attribute of "passing on trust and serving development" in certification and accreditation inspection and testing, with reform and innovation as the driving force, we made great efforts to improve the certification and accreditation inspection and testing system, continuously strengthened the construction of industry governance capacity, comprehensively improved the supply level, and comprehensively served the economic and social development, making positive contributions to building a quality power and realizing the strategic goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way.

-the functional status has been significantly improved. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made an important exposition on "promoting the construction of quality certification system", which provided a fundamental basis for certification, accreditation, inspection and testing. The State Council issued the Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of Quality Certification System and Promoting Total Quality Management (Guo Fa [2018] No.3), clearly taking quality certification as an important starting point for deepening the supply-side structural reform and the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform, and making comprehensive arrangements for the construction of quality certification system. Inspection, testing and certification service industry is listed in the national strategic emerging industry classification and plays an important role in national economic and social development; Certification and accreditation inspection and testing are brought into the unified market supervision system, the responsibilities of the National Certification and Accreditation Supervision and Management Committee are assigned to the State Administration of Market Supervision and management, and the administrative supervision function is further strengthened. China’s certification and accreditation inspection and testing industry has entered a high-quality development stage.

-Deepen reform and continue to advance. The reform of compulsory product certification system has been deepened, and the catalogue of compulsory product certification has been streamlined and integrated into 17 categories and 103 products. For 19 of them, the enterprise self-declaration method has been implemented, and the designation of compulsory certification inspection institutions has been cancelled, so as to better play the role of "ensuring the bottom line of safety"; Steadily promote the reform of qualification examination and approval of certification bodies, cancel the special management measures before the entry of foreign-funded certification bodies, and implement the notification commitment and optimize the examination and approval services in the National Pilot Free Trade Zone according to the risk level; Comprehensively deepen the reform of qualification certification of inspection and testing institutions, integrate measurement certification of product quality inspection institutions and qualification certification of inspection and testing institutions, and improve the "general requirements+industry-specific requirements" model; Optimize the administrative examination and approval procedures, fully implement the "internet plus" administrative examination and approval model, and further improve the convenience of examination and approval; The market-oriented reform of inspection, testing and certification institutions has been steadily promoted, the market vitality has been effectively stimulated, and the service ability, innovation ability and market competitiveness have been significantly enhanced.

-The institutional system is more perfect. Promote the Network Security Law, Data Security Law, Cryptography Law and other laws to be written into the relevant provisions of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing, organize the revision of the Regulations on Certification and Accreditation, complete the formulation and revision of departmental regulations and normative documents such as the Measures for the Administration of Certification Institutions, the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Accreditation Institutions and the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Inspection and Testing Institutions, organize the clearing of administrative normative documents and technical normative documents, and continuously strengthen institutional norms; Improve the certification system for industrial products, food and agricultural products, management systems and services, build a unified certification and labeling system for green products, improve the national network security certification system, establish certification systems for rail transit equipment, robots, drones, Beidou basic products and other new fields, issue a number of accreditation systems for e-commerce, services, greenhouse gas certification and verification, scientific research laboratories, and promote the establishment and implementation of a unified qualification certification system for inspection and testing institutions in road transport, environment, forestry and other industries, and standardize and guide them.

-The effectiveness of services has become increasingly evident. The field of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing services has been continuously expanded and widely used in various fields of national economy and social development, and the role of "passing trust and serving development" has become increasingly prominent. Strictly enforce product certification management, strengthen certification, accreditation, inspection and testing in food safety, network security, public health and other fields, and effectively protect national security, social public safety and personal health and safety; Improve the certification, accreditation, inspection and testing system of key industries, build an upgraded version of quality management system certification, implement high-end quality certification, and implement the project of "same line, same standard and homogeneity" in domestic and foreign trade, effectively promoting the quality improvement of products and services; Extensively carry out certification and accreditation work in the fields of organic, energy conservation, environmental protection and low carbon, comprehensively implement unified green product certification, and strive to improve the service capabilities of motor vehicle testing, environmental monitoring, carbon emission verification, etc., and help poverty alleviation, green development and ecological civilization construction. Significant results; Strengthen the work of international cooperation and mutual recognition of conformity assessment and technical trade measures, implement the vision and action of "One Belt, One Road" construction of certification and accreditation services, and promote the obvious improvement of trade facilitation.

-upgrading the development of the industry. The certification and accreditation inspection and testing service industry has developed rapidly, its comprehensive strength has been significantly enhanced, and its quality and efficiency have been continuously improved. By the end of 2020, there were 724 approved certification bodies in China, with 2.7 million valid certification certificates and 800,000 certified organizations. There are 48,000 inspection and testing institutions with qualifications, and 590 million inspection and testing reports have been issued; There are 12,381 accredited conformity assessment institutions, and 1,276,000 certificates are allowed to use the accreditation marks. The output value of inspection, testing and certification service industry is 388.1 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 15% during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, making it the fastest growing and most potential inspection, testing and certification service market in the world. The innovation ability, service ability and market competitiveness of institutions have improved as a whole. The number of institutions recognized by high-tech enterprises has increased by 1.5 times compared with the end of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, and the business of institutions above designated size has reached 85%. A number of institutional brands with strong technical, management and service advantages have emerged.

-The market order is constantly standardized. Give full play to the functional advantages of unified market supervision and comprehensive administrative law enforcement system, constantly improve the five-in-one industry governance system of "legal norms, administrative supervision, recognition and restraint, industry self-discipline and social supervision", establish a new supervision mechanism with "double random and one open" supervision as the basic means, supplemented by key supervision and based on credit supervision, actively use smart supervision means such as the Internet and big data, and explore the implementation of online and offline integrated supervision modes and methods. In view of the chaos in the certification and testing industry that has been strongly reflected in the society, we organized actions such as centralized rectification of the certification and testing market and special rectification of the certification activities of epidemic prevention products, severely cracked down on illegal acts such as false certification, issuing false and false testing reports, buying and selling certificates, and selling counterfeit testing reports online, effectively safeguarding the credibility of certification and accreditation testing activities, and the order of the certification and testing market improved significantly.

-The international influence has gradually increased. China has joined 21 international organizations for conformity assessment, held a series of important positions in IEC, ISO, IAF and other international organizations, actively participated in the formulation of international standards and rules for conformity assessment, established cooperation mechanisms with more than 30 countries and regions, signed 15 multilateral mutual recognition agreements and 123 bilateral cooperation and mutual recognition arrangements, and achieved cooperation and mutual recognition results for conformity assessment under the framework of Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP). Substantial progress has been made in the construction of the "Belt and Road" certification and accreditation cooperation mechanism, and the cooperation between the mainland, Hong Kong and Macao in certification and accreditation inspection and testing has been deepened, and the role of certification and accreditation inspection and testing in promoting international trade facilitation has become increasingly apparent.

(B) "14" period facing the new situation and new requirements

The "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" period is the first five years for China to start a new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and March towards the goal of the second century. China has turned to the stage of high-quality development, coordinating both domestic and international situations, coordinating development and safety, speeding up the construction of a modern economic system, speeding up the construction of a new development pattern with the domestic big cycle as the main body and the domestic and international double cycles promoting each other, and promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, which has put forward higher requirements for certification and accreditation inspection and testing. The 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Outline of Long-term Goals in 2035 clearly defined the objectives and tasks of the development of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing in many aspects, such as building a strong country, promoting the prosperity and development of the service industry, building a high-standard market system, promoting the dual-cycle of international and domestic development, and accelerating the development of green transformation. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council made a series of decisions and arrangements, and put forward clear requirements for certification and accreditation inspection and testing. The 14th Five-Year Plan for Modernization of Market Supervision proposes to build a modern market supervision system, improve the national quality infrastructure, and define the work measures in the fields of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing in many aspects, such as optimizing the business environment, strengthening the comprehensive management of market order, promoting market circulation, serving high-quality development, and strengthening the protection of consumers’ rights and interests. Certification, accreditation, inspection and testing are promising and face rare opportunities for development.

At the same time, there are still some problems in certification, accreditation, inspection and testing, such as inadequate supply capacity, insufficient social credibility, weak brand influence, and the need to improve international discourse power. We must make efforts to supplement shortcomings, strong and weak items, consolidate advantages and promote promotion in accordance with the requirements of basing ourselves on the new development stage, implementing new development concepts, building a new development pattern and promoting high-quality development, so as to promote certification, accreditation, inspection and testing to take the road of high-quality development and provide strong support for high-quality development of the economy and society.

Second, the overall requirements

(A) the guiding ideology

Guided by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, fully implementing the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the previous plenary sessions of the 19th National Congress, building a new development pattern based on the new development stage, promoting high-quality development as the theme, deepening supply-side structural reform as the main line, meeting the people’s growing needs for a better life as the fundamental purpose, and taking reform and innovation as the fundamental driving force, establishing the concept of "big market, big quality and big supervision". Focus on the development goal of "marketization, internationalization, specialization, intensification and standardization", focus on deepening reform, strengthen system supervision, optimize service supply, give full play to the positive role of certification and accreditation inspection as a "physical examination certificate" for quality management, a "letter of credit" for market economy and a "passport" for international trade, and make new contributions to the construction of a modern market supervision system and the realization of the national development goal of the 14 th Five-Year Plan.

(2) Basic principles

1. Adhere to the party’s leadership and highlight the people-oriented.

Highlight political orientation, strengthen the Party’s leadership over certification and accreditation inspection and testing, fully implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, adhere to the people-centered development thought, take meeting the people’s needs for a better life as the fundamental purpose, take solving the people’s immediate problems as the focus of work, and practice the essential attribute of "passing trust and serving development" of certification and accreditation inspection and testing with practical actions to enhance the people’s sense of gain.

2. Adhere to the system concept and deepen reform and innovation.

Highlight the problem orientation, deepen the reform to solve the deep-seated contradictions and problems in development, comprehensively promote the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform in a wider and deeper scope, focus on promoting reforms in key areas such as market access, system implementation, supervision and management, and international cooperation, enhance the integrity, systematicness and synergy of the reform, and strive to create a market-oriented, rule-of-law and international business environment to further stimulate market vitality.

3. Adhere to market dominance and improve supply capacity.

Highlight demand orientation, guide the improvement of service supply capacity with market demand, stimulate market demand with the improvement of service supply capacity, form a higher level dynamic balance between demand traction supply and supply creation demand, expand the high-quality supply of certification and accreditation inspection and testing, and serve the high-quality development of economy and society.

4. Adhere to overall consideration and serve the overall development.

Highlight the goal orientation, focus on the economic and social development goals during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period, and comprehensively improve the ability level of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing services to build a new development pattern. Focusing on promoting domestic and international double circulation, promoting the combination of "bringing in" and "going out" of certification and accreditation inspection and testing; Focusing on overall development and safety, we should adhere to the combination of "ensuring the bottom line of safety" and "drawing high-quality lines"

5. Adhere to pluralistic governance and safeguard social public trust.

Highlight the result orientation, give full play to the comprehensive efficiency of the unified market supervision system, improve the pluralistic co-governance system combining "legal norms, administrative supervision, accreditation and restraint, industry self-discipline and social supervision", strengthen system supervision and comprehensive management, build a traceability mechanism for the whole process of certification and accreditation inspection and testing activities, and resolutely safeguard the credibility and effectiveness of certification and accreditation inspection and testing work.

(3) Development goals

Focusing on the development requirements of "marketization, internationalization, specialization, intensification and standardization", we will speed up the construction of a certification, accreditation, inspection and testing system with unified management, joint implementation, authoritative public trust and universal mutual recognition, better serve the high-quality development of the economy and society, and strive to achieve the following main objectives.

1. New progress has been made in market-oriented reform, and market vitality has been effectively stimulated. The reform in the fields of qualification examination and approval of certification institutions, qualification identification of inspection and testing institutions, Certification staff management and compulsory product certification has been deepened in an all-round way, the market-oriented allocation mechanism of inspection, testing and certification elements has been improved, the third-party attributes of certification and accreditation inspection and testing institutions have become more distinct, and the market vitality and market competitiveness have been continuously improved.

2. International development has achieved new breakthroughs and its international influence has been significantly enhanced. Follow the internationally accepted rules and constantly improve the conformity assessment system combining internationalization with China. China has made new breakthroughs in participating in the formulation of international standards and rules for conformity assessment, and its participation and voice in international conformity assessment activities have been continuously improved; Establish a normalized bilateral cooperation mechanism with major trading partners, and establish an in-depth participation mechanism with major conformity assessment international organizations. The multi-bilateral cooperation and mutual recognition arrangement covers a wider range, and the "Belt and Road" certification and recognition cooperation mechanism has achieved substantial results. The international mutual recognition of China’s certification and recognition system has improved significantly, and the international business of conformity assessment institutions has expanded significantly, forming a number of institutional brands and institutional brands with international influence.

3. Professionalization has reached a new level and service supply has been continuously optimized. The innovation, management, service ability and comprehensive strength of certification and accreditation inspection and testing industry have been improved as a whole, the ability and quality of employees and staff have been continuously optimized, the proportion of innovation R&D investment and output has been gradually increased, the certification and accreditation system in new fields and the supply of inspection and testing services have been continuously increased, the application of key technologies for conformity assessment has achieved good results, the certification and accreditation inspection and testing technology in key areas such as national security and strategic industries has been safe and controllable, the problem of "sticking the neck" of inspection and testing instruments and equipment has been effectively solved, and the digital application level in the field of conformity assessment has been gradually improved.

4. Intensive integration forms a new pattern, and the industry structure tends to be optimized. The phenomenon of "small scattered and weak" in inspection, testing and certification industry has been obviously improved, and the structural layout of inspection, testing and certification service industry is more reasonable; The comprehensive strength of large-scale institutions has been significantly enhanced, and the leading role has been effectively played; The professional ability of small and medium-sized institutions has been significantly improved, forming a number of "specialized and innovative" institutions; New progress has been made in the construction of inspection and certification public service platform and inspection and testing high-tech service industry cluster, and the radiation-driven effect is more obvious.

5. Standardized development has taken on a new look, and industry governance has been significantly strengthened. The supervision system combining "legal norms, administrative supervision, recognition and restraint, industry self-discipline and social supervision" is more complete; A new supervision mechanism based on "double random and one open" supervision is established in an all-round way, supplemented by key supervision and based on credit supervision. The "internet plus supervision" model is fully operational, forming a systematic supervision and collaborative supervision pattern with multi-sector joint supervision, integration of various supervision means and continuous innovation of supervision mechanism and methods; The effectiveness of supervision and rectification in the field of inspection, testing and certification continued to deepen, without regional, systematic and industrial risks, and the effectiveness and credibility of certification and accreditation inspection and testing continued to improve.

III. Development tasks

(A) all-round service and high-quality development

Implement the new development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, further promote the construction of a quality power, vigorously carry out quality improvement actions, comprehensively improve the supply level of certification and accreditation inspection and testing services, promote quality reform, power reform and efficiency reform, promote quality improvement and industrial upgrading, and boost high-quality economic and social development.

1. Building a service manufacturing power and a quality power.

(1) Promote the upgrading of industrial basic capacity. Focusing on promoting a strong industrial base, we will strengthen the supporting capacity of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing of basic raw materials, basic components, basic processes and infrastructure, and support the implementation of industrial base reconstruction projects. Promote the improvement of inspection, testing and certification capabilities in basic raw material industries such as steel, nonferrous metals, petrochemicals, light industry, textiles and building materials, support scientific research institutes, key enterprises and institutions to form inspection, testing and certification innovation alliances, strengthen key basic materials and new materials inspection and testing technology research, establish a certification system with high industry influence, and promote the adjustment and upgrading of industrial structure of basic raw materials; Improve the certification system of basic parts and components, strengthen the ability to ensure the consistency of certification, enhance the international mutual recognition of electronic component certification, promote the expansion and application of Beidou basic product certification, and promote the quality improvement of basic parts and components; Focusing on the transformation and upgrading of basic processes, we will jointly promote the optimization and improvement of conformity assessment schemes in related industries, and enhance the ability of enterprise quality diagnosis, improvement and verification; Establish and improve the certification system and inspection and testing system in the fields of Internet of Things, industrial Internet and vehicle networking, and strengthen the support and guarantee capacity of the new generation of information infrastructure construction.

(2) Promote the modernization of industrial chain supply chain. Improve the quality certification and inspection system covering the whole process of the industrial chain supply chain, and promote the safe and smooth supply chain of the industrial chain and optimize and upgrade. Using international advanced quality standards and methods, in key industries such as aviation, railway, urban rail transit, automobile, construction, medicine, information, environmental protection, etc., explore the establishment of quality certification system suitable for the characteristics of the industry, and promote the extension of quality management to the whole supply chain, the whole industrial chain and the whole product life cycle; Promote the certification of new management systems such as supply chain safety management system, business continuity management systems and compliance management system to improve the management level of supply chain; Optimize the inspection and certification service mode and industrial layout, provide integrated services for the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain supply chain, encourage the head enterprises and cluster enterprises of the industrial chain supply chain to guide the adoption of letters, reduce the market procurement cost and improve the operational efficiency of the industrial chain supply chain.

(3) Support the optimization and upgrading of manufacturing industry. We will implement the "Quality Certification Promotion Action for Key Industries", carry out the "Quality Management System Certification Promotion Activity" in depth, guide all kinds of enterprises to improve their quality management level, encourage certification institutions to develop high-end quality certification higher than the general standards of the industry, vigorously carry out the certification of rail transit, intelligent equipment, unmanned aerial vehicles, robots, smart home appliances, car networking products, explore the certification of new energy storage, Internet of Things, blockchain and privacy computing, and promote the upgrading of manufacturing industry. Implement "inspection and testing to promote industrial upgrading", improve the technical support capacity of inspection and testing in key industries, build a professional inspection and testing platform based on the layout of strategic emerging industries and manufacturing industrial clusters, break through a number of basic, public welfare and industrial common technical bottlenecks, and support enterprise innovation and development and industrial transformation and upgrading.

(4) Helping the high-quality development of the service industry. Accelerate the construction of service industry certification and accreditation system, carry out service certification demonstration activities, promote the standardization and branding of service industry, and improve service quality and efficiency. In the field of producer services, actively promote the service certification of engineering construction, digital design, logistics and transportation, energy conservation and environmental protection services, green data center, strengthen the inspection and testing capacity building of major transportation infrastructure, urban rail transit operation and maintenance, postal express packaging, intelligent logistics equipment, promote the development of new formats such as service-oriented manufacturing, and promote the producer services to extend to specialization and high-end value chain; In the field of life service industry, we will extensively carry out service certification for health, education, sports, pension, finance, after-sales goods and e-commerce, improve the quality of life service, and promote the life service industry to upgrade to high quality and diversification.

2. Smooth domestic and international double circulation.

(1) to promote the construction of a unified national market. Focusing on the construction of an efficient, standardized, fair competition and fully open national unified market, we will accelerate the construction of a certification, accreditation, inspection and testing system with unified management, joint implementation, authoritative public trust and universal mutual recognition, improve the market credit mechanism, promote the elimination of regional market barriers, and promote the market-oriented allocation of factor resources. Implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on the whole process reform of market access and circulation management in automobile, electronic and electrical industries, promote the reform of industry access system, cancel repeated evaluation projects, and reduce market transaction costs; Clean up the administrative licensing and industry evaluation system involving certification, accreditation, inspection and testing, promote the social-oriented third-party technology evaluation activities to follow general norms and standards, and gradually change to a unified national certification system. In areas where a unified national certification system has been established, similar conformity assessment projects will no longer be established.

(2) Promote coordinated regional development. Encourage local governments to introduce policies and measures to strengthen certification, accreditation, inspection and testing, guide the establishment of regional linkage mechanisms, promote the sharing of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing resources, platform sharing, mutual recognition of results, supervision and mutual assistance, support the integrated development of inspection, testing and certification services in urban agglomerations such as the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Chengdu-Chongqing, and promote the circulation of regional factors and the smooth market; Implement CEPA agreement and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area’s development strategy, promote the in-depth cooperation of inspection, testing and certification services in Greater Bay Area, explore "Bay Area Certification", build a high-end certification brand with international influence, and realize "one certification, three places pass"; Implement certification, accreditation, inspection and testing measures to aid Tibet and Xinjiang, support the revitalization and development of old areas, and support the certification of organic products, cotton and other products and the construction of national quality inspection centers; Standardize and guide all localities to use certification to cultivate regional quality brands and enhance regional economic competitiveness.

(3) Promote the integrated development of domestic and foreign trade. Promote the convergence of domestic and foreign trade certification and accreditation, and promote the improvement of the integrated control system of domestic and foreign trade. Encourage the international development of third-party testing and certification institutions and provide integrated services for conformity assessment for domestic and foreign trade. We will improve the promotion and implementation mechanism of "the same line, the same standard and the same homogeneity" (hereinafter referred to as "the same quality"), which is integrated inside and outside, connected from top to bottom, coordinated by departments and connected with supply and demand, support enterprises to develop "the same quality" products, expand the application scope of "the same quality" products to general consumer goods and industrial products, and accurately meet consumer demand. Improve the public information service platform of "Three Tong" products, encourage certification institutions to carry out quality evaluation and technical assistance, and maintain the high-end quality brand reputation of "Three Tong" products. Strengthen cross-border e-commerce quality certification and inspection and testing technical services, and improve the quality and safety level of imported goods and goods exported to domestic sales.

3. Help rural revitalization

(1) Innovative conformity assessment service rural revitalization work mode. Strengthen the research on the path of quality certification, inspection and testing to serve rural revitalization, carry out the strategic work of quality certification to serve rural revitalization, explore the linkage mode of "high-standard market+high-quality production area" by means of quality certification, benchmark the demand of high-end market, cultivate regional high-end quality brands such as "Shenzhen Products" and "Lishui Mountain Farming" through certification and evaluation, improve the docking mechanism of production and marketing of high-quality agricultural and sideline products, and promote the high-quality development of rural revitalization. Encourage quality certification and inspection services to the countryside, provide accurate services for agricultural industrial parks, agricultural production and operation enterprises, agricultural mutual cooperatives and farmers, and strengthen technical support for rural revitalization.

(2) Promote the quality of agricultural products supply. Strengthen the supply of quality certification and inspection and testing services, and improve the certification and inspection and testing system of food and agricultural products in the whole process from field to table. Encourage agricultural products production and marketing enterprises and farmers’ professional cooperatives to carry out green food, organic products, hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP), good agricultural practices (GAP) and other food and agricultural products certification, improve the quality and added value of agricultural products, and support the construction of green agricultural products bases, ecological farms and modern agricultural industrial parks; Strengthen the capacity building of city and county agricultural products inspection and testing institutions, focusing on improving the detection capabilities of food safety and livestock diseases.

(3) Promote the development of rural industries. Build a quality certification and inspection system covering production, processing, warehousing, transportation, distribution, preservation and other links to serve the modernization of rural industries. In view of the quality, flavor, green and other attributes, we will implement the certification mode of "product+service", actively carry out the certification of special agricultural products such as organic products and selenium-enriched products, and the certification of rural tourism, leisure agriculture, homestay services, farming culture experience and healthy old-age care, strengthen the support of inspection and testing services in agriculture and rural areas, focus on strengthening the construction of inspection and testing capabilities such as seeds, agricultural materials, agricultural machinery and cold chain logistics, and support the development of agricultural technology services, cold chain logistics and chain distribution in rural areas.

(4) Helping the construction of beautiful countryside. Implement the concept of "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets", improve the quality certification and inspection technical services in rural infrastructure, public services, human settlements and other fields, and explore the establishment of a third-party evaluation system in beautiful countryside. Strengthen the construction of inspection and testing capabilities of soil, air and water environment, serve the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution, and optimize the livable environment in rural areas.

4. Support green transformation and development

(1) Increase the supply of green products. Accelerate the implementation of a unified green product certification and labeling system, promote the integration of "green-related" evaluation systems in an orderly manner, and include more products with great ecological impact, strong consumer demand, strong industrial relevance, high social concern and large international trade volume into the green product certification catalogue, and explore the requirements for the control of new pollutants into the green product certification system. Improve the promotion mechanism of green product certification, promote the improvement of government green procurement system, encourage society to give priority to purchasing certified green products and increase the supply of green products. Accelerate the innovative research and development of green product evaluation technology, cultivate a number of professional service institutions for green products, and improve the technical support system for green products.

(2) Help fight against pollution. Focus on the field of high emission and high pollution, study and carry out cleaner production evaluation and certification, and effectively standardize the certification activities of products related to environmental protection treatment facilities and equipment; Deepen the special management of road transport safety, strictly enforce the certification requirements for motor vehicle emissions and other projects, and crack down on illegal activities in the field of compulsory product certification for illegally modifying road transport vehicles; Improve the accreditation system of ecological environment monitoring institutions, improve the "double random" spot check mechanism of ecological environment monitoring institutions, establish the directory database of ecological environment monitoring institutions and the directory database of inspectors, and promote the healthy development of ecological environment monitoring; Carry out joint supervision and law enforcement by departments, and severely crack down on illegal and criminal acts such as falsification of detection data by ecological environment monitoring agencies and motor vehicle emission inspection agencies.

(3) Serving the goal of "double carbon". Accelerate the construction of a conformity assessment system in the carbon field, focus on industries such as electric power, chemical industry, building materials, steel, nonferrous metals, paper making, automobile, etc., study and formulate conformity assessment solutions in the whole process and life cycle, strengthen the capacity building of carbon emission conformity assessment, improve the accreditation system of carbon emission certification and verification institutions, and promote the coordinated application and innovative development of various conformity assessment tools in the carbon field, such as products, processes, systems, service certification and validation verification, inspection and testing. Improve the carbon sequestration certification system of ecosystems such as forest certification, and standardize the certification services such as carbon footprint and carbon labeling; Improve the relevant standards for greenhouse gas emission verification, strengthen key technical research on carbon verification, certification and accreditation, strengthen the management of greenhouse gas voluntary emission reduction verification and verification institutions and activities, and accelerate the construction of carbon emission verification and testing technology laboratories.

(4) Improve the conformity assessment system in the field of energy and natural resources. Vigorously promote the safety certification and performance certification of equipment such as wind power, photovoltaic power generation, biomass energy, nuclear power, ocean energy, etc., improve the new energy certification system, carry out the product certification of step-by-step utilization of power batteries in new energy vehicles, improve the technical level of residual energy detection of power batteries, strengthen the inspection and testing capacity building in the fields of fuel, natural gas, hydrogen energy, charging piles and new energy storage facilities, and promote the safe and efficient utilization of energy and transformation and development; Promote the application of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing in the field of natural resources, improve the technical specifications for certification, evaluation, inspection and testing of natural resources such as forests and grasses, land, oceans, geology and minerals, improve the certification system for sustainable management of forests and grasses, expand the technical support capabilities of natural resources investigation and monitoring, satellite remote sensing and so on, and promote the protection and intensive utilization of natural resources.

5. Serve the construction of "Safe China" and "Healthy China"

(1) Strengthen product quality and safety guarantee. Give full play to the role of compulsory product certification to ensure the bottom line of safety, implement compulsory certification (CCC certification) for products related to personal health, safety and environmental protection, and implement dynamic management of certified product catalogue according to risk level; Strengthen the construction of product quality and safety inspection and testing capabilities, focus on consolidating inspection and testing technical institutions in cities and counties, local areas, western regions and industrial clusters, and effectively support market supervision and administrative law enforcement such as product quality supervision and spot checks; Focus on the supervision of CCC certification, motor vehicle inspection, ecological environment monitoring, medical device inspection and other high-risk areas, strengthen supervision and inspection, and severely crack down on illegal acts such as leaving the factory, selling, importing or using products in CCC catalogue in other business activities without certification, forging and fraudulently using certification marks, false certification, unqualified testing and issuing false testing reports; Carry out research on the public service mechanism of inspection, testing and certification to provide effective technical support for safeguarding consumers’ rights and interests.

(2) Strengthen food safety. Implement the "four strictest" requirements, build a certification and inspection system for food and agricultural products from farmland to table, and improve the ability of food safety. Encourage food production and operation enterprises to obtain certification, strengthen the certification evaluation and post-certification supervision of food production and operation enterprises that have passed the certification of good production practices, hazard analysis and critical control point management system, and continuously improve the level of food safety management. Coordinate the promotion of national food inspection and testing capacity building and strengthen the supervision of food inspection and testing institutions.

(3) Strengthen network security. Improve the network information security certification and accreditation inspection and testing system, establish and improve the network security certification and accreditation system covering information technology products, systems, services, management systems and personnel, strengthen the construction of inspection and testing capabilities, enhance the network security guarantee capability, and serve the network power and the construction of digital China. Carry out personal information protection certification, mobile Internet application (APP) security certification, data security management certification, commercial password product certification, financial technology product certification, etc., and strengthen personal information and data security protection; Strengthen the technical capacity building of network security certification, promote the implementation of information security assurance practitioners certification, and improve the qualification evaluation norms of network security inspection and testing institutions; Improve the network information security certification and acceptance mechanism, promote cross-industry sharing and acceptance of certification results, and promote the healthy and orderly development of the network information industry and market system.

(4) Strengthen health service guarantee. Accelerate the construction of a certification and accreditation inspection and testing system in the field of public health, and improve the supply of public health services. Standardize the management system certification of medical institutions and improve the service quality of medical institutions; Promote the quality certification of epidemic prevention products, strengthen the construction of barrier-free environment quality certification system, actively carry out the certification of health services and old-age services, and help the health of the whole people and the elderly and the disabled; Accelerate the construction of Chinese medicine testing and certification system, study and establish independent innovation certification systems for authentic Chinese herbal medicines and Chinese medicine drinks, and promote the high-quality development of Chinese medicine; We will improve the emergency response mechanism for inspection and testing of major public health emergencies, open an "emergency channel" for inspection and testing capacity licensing for major emergency needs such as epidemic prevention and control, strengthen the capacity verification of relevant inspection and testing institutions, and improve the inspection and testing support capabilities.

(B) accelerate the realization of stronger and better industries.

In accordance with the requirements of high-quality development, strengthen the construction of certification and accreditation inspection and testing industry, improve the development environment, optimize the layout of the industry, improve the service capacity, service level and service quality of the industry, and establish a certification and accreditation inspection and testing service system that is closely linked and integrated with the modern industrial system.

1. Optimize the industry development environment

(1) Deepen the reform of market access system. We will comprehensively deepen the reform of the market access system for certification and testing, such as the qualification examination and approval of certification bodies, the designation of compulsory product certification implementation agencies, and the qualification identification of inspection and testing institutions, so as to stimulate market vitality. Fully implement the reform of qualification examination and approval of certification bodies, respectively implement classified examination and approval combining informing commitment and optimizing examination and approval services according to the degree of risk, and improve the verification mechanism of continuous conformity of certification bodies’ qualifications; Improve the way to designate institutions for compulsory product certification, expand the number of designated institutions for compulsory product certification, and accelerate the formation of a dynamic balance between the supply of designated institutions and market demand; We will fully implement the notification and commitment system for qualification identification of inspection and testing institutions, further reduce the time limit for qualification identification and evaluation, and streamline and optimize the procedures and contents of licensing and evaluation. Improve the online examination and approval system for the qualification examination and approval of certification bodies and the qualification identification of inspection and testing institutions, fully implement online processing, and improve the convenience of examination and approval.

(2) Cultivate and expand all kinds of practitioners. We will build a unified, open, competitive and dynamic market system for inspection, testing and certification, and create a market environment in which all types of ownership market players are treated equally and compete fairly. Adhere to the impartial and independent third-party attribute, actively promote the market-oriented reform of inspection, testing and certification institutions, establish and improve the business management model to adapt to market competition, and stimulate market vitality; Support private institutions to become stronger and bigger, encourage non-public capital to participate in the restructuring, capital increase and share expansion and management of state-owned institutions, and enhance their competitiveness; Encourage foreign-funded institutions to enter the domestic inspection, testing and certification market, actively introduce foreign advanced conformity assessment standards, technologies and services, and fully implement national treatment.

(3) Improve the management system of certified practitioners. Cancel the compulsory registration requirements for Certification staff’s professional qualifications, and establish a certification system for certified practitioners. We will build a capacity evaluation and credit evaluation system in Certification staff, formulate scientific and reasonable technical capacity requirements and professional ethics, promote the continuous improvement of capacity and quality, and form a supply mechanism for certified practitioners to meet the needs of high-quality development of the industry. Strengthen the administrative supervision and accreditation supervision of certification bodies to carry out Certification staff capacity evaluation and use management activities, and implement the main responsibility of certification bodies to evaluate and manage Certification staff.

(4) Improve the acceptance mechanism of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing. Promote national laws and regulations, departmental rules and industrial policies to establish a credit acceptance system, improve the credit acceptance mechanism at various levels such as government, industry and society, and promote the wide acceptance of credit certification and accreditation inspection results in the fields of market procurement, industry management, administrative supervision and social governance. Promote fair acceptance of trust, break departmental monopoly and industry barriers, and realize mutual recognition and universality of certification and accreditation inspection results.

(5) Strengthen policy guidance and industry services. Fully implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on promoting the development of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing, promote the introduction of specific policies and measures by various localities and departments, study and formulate detailed implementation measures of national industrial development policies in the field of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing, and increase policy guidance and support; Strengthen fair competition review, promote the elimination of discriminatory requirements involving certification and accreditation inspection and testing in bidding, government procurement, government procurement of services and other fields, and break departmental monopoly and industry barriers; Improve the statistical investigation system of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing, carry out research on the measurement indicators of high-quality development of the industry, standardize the release of statistical data and evaluation indicators, and enhance the guiding function of industry development; Strengthen the service function of trade associations and enhance the functions of industry coordination, rights protection, technical exchange and personnel training.

2. Improve professional service capabilities

(1) Promote the integrated development of quality certification and inspection. Encourage practitioners to expand the business field of inspection, testing and certification through business cooperation, asset reorganization and mergers and acquisitions, make up for the shortcomings of qualification ability, extend the service chain of conformity assessment, and form a compound and integrated conformity assessment ability; Encourage institutions to develop integrated conformity assessment solutions according to users’ needs and improve their comprehensive service capabilities; Encourage certification bodies to expand diversified certification services such as products, systems and services with strong relevance under the premise of having corresponding capabilities; Encourage inspection and testing institutions with strong professional ability and good market reputation to apply for certification qualification in the same field; Encourage inspection and certification public service platform and inspection and certification alliance to play an integrated role, optimize resource allocation, and carry out collaborative services.

(2) Improve the professional ability and brand image of inspection and certification institutions. Strengthen policy incentives and guidance, promote qualified inspection, testing and certification institutions to be recognized as high-tech enterprises, improve the policies and mechanisms for brand cultivation, development, incentives and protection of inspection, testing and certification industries, create a good brand growth environment, and enhance the brand image of inspection, testing and certification industries; Encourage inspection, testing and certification institutions to enhance their professional ability and enhance the trust of all parties through the recognition of recognized institutions; Support large-scale institutions to develop comprehensive integrated services, implement the industry "leader" plan, cultivate a number of industry-leading enterprises, and build internationally renowned brands; Support small and medium-sized institutions to take the development path of "specialization and innovation", cultivate a number of "individual champions" and "invisible champions", enhance their professional service capabilities, and form a distinctive brand advantage.

(3) Optimize the layout of national quality inspection centers. Strengthen the planning, construction and management of national quality inspection centers, improve the exit mechanism, and give priority to supporting the construction of a number of national quality inspection centers that serve the development of high-tech industries and strategic emerging industries; Support the National Quality Inspection Center to participate in the construction of State Key Laboratories, National Manufacturing Innovation Center, National Industrial Technology Innovation Center and National Technology Innovation Center, undertake the first set of major technical equipment testing and evaluation, instrument and equipment development, capacity verification lead organization and other work, and give full play to the technical leading and supporting role of the National Quality Inspection Center.

(4) Promote the integrated development of national quality infrastructure. We will build a national quality infrastructure integration development system that is coordinated, coordinated, efficient and systematic, promote the coordinated interaction, collaborative innovation and integrated development of certification and accreditation inspection and measurement, standards (including standard samples) and quality management, actively carry out the construction of quality infrastructure integration service bases, support quality infrastructure service platforms and institutions to provide conformity assessment services, and strengthen the authoritative evaluation role of accreditation in the quality infrastructure system. Strengthen the positive role of quality certification, inspection and testing to promote the wide application and continuous improvement of other quality infrastructure elements, and promote the interconnection and high-quality development of national quality infrastructure.

3. Promote the digital development of conformity assessment.

(1) Innovative digital evaluation model. Organize the research and application of digital evaluation mode of conformity assessment, and use modern information technologies such as big data, blockchain and artificial intelligence to promote the digital application of conformity assessment. Carry out research and application of digital authentication mode and its key technologies based on industrial Internet and intelligent manufacturing, establish and improve digital evaluation rules and technical specifications in the field of quality authentication, and gradually popularize digital certificates; Explore the whole digital mode of inspection and testing, and promote the digital and intelligent application of inspection and testing based on digital equipment; Promote the digital evaluation of conformity assessment to extend to the whole process of industrial chain supply chain and the whole product life cycle, and enhance the digital evaluation ability.

(2) Promote the digital development of the industry. Adapt to the requirements of digital development of industry, promote the digital management of certification and accreditation inspection and testing industry, improve the digital infrastructure of certification and accreditation inspection and testing, promote the development of digital technologies such as certification and testing professional management software, intelligent testing equipment and data application terminals, and comprehensively improve the management level and develop quality and efficiency of the industry through digital technology empowerment.

(3) Vigorously improve the ability of industry governance

We will build a multi-co-governance pattern of "legal norms, administrative supervision, accreditation constraints, industry self-discipline and social supervision", improve a new supervision mechanism based on "double random and one open" supervision, supplemented by key supervision, and based on smart supervision, comprehensively strengthen the supervision capacity building of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing, and promote the standardized and orderly market of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing and the long-term healthy development of the industry.

1. Improve the supervision system of combining things before and after.

(1) Strengthen the supervision of qualification compliance of certification bodies. In order to meet the new requirements of the reform of qualification examination and approval of certification bodies, while relaxing access restrictions and improving the efficiency of examination and approval, we should improve the verification mechanism of qualification compliance of certification bodies, focus on strengthening the verification of institutions that have obtained qualifications by means of notification commitment and newly approved institutions, revoke qualifications in time for institutions whose qualification ability cannot meet the requirements continuously, and strengthen risk warning and credit punishment for institutions that operate abnormally. Improve the management system for overseas institutions to carry out conformity assessment activities in China.

(2) Implement a supervision system combining daily and special supervision. Carry out daily supervision and inspection on the inspection, testing and certification activities and results of the institutions by means of on-site inspection, file inspection, certified organization inspection and spot check of certified products. Strengthen the research and judgment of quality accidents, complaints and reports, risk monitoring, etc., and carry out targeted special supervision and inspection in a timely manner. Publicize the results of supervision and inspection according to law, and investigate the legal responsibilities of illegal institutions and employees. Improve the quality analysis and risk early warning mechanism of certified products involved in the spot check of certification effectiveness and national supervision and spot check, urge certification institutions to take post-processing measures such as revocation of problematic products and suspension of certification certificates, and force certified enterprises to strengthen quality traceability.

(3) Improve the ability verification system of inspection and testing institutions. Timely discover the problems existing in the management and technology of relevant inspection and testing institutions and urge them to rectify, so as to continuously improve the technical ability and personnel level of inspection and testing institutions in China. Improve the database and platform construction of inspection and testing institutions’ capacity verification, conduct in-depth statistical analysis on the data and results of capacity verification, and put forward white papers and capacity improvement routes for inspection and testing institutions in various fields such as electronic appliances, food environment, building materials and textiles, and bulk raw materials.

2. Improve the comprehensive supervision mechanism of multi-party cooperation.

(1) Strengthen collaborative supervision. Establish and improve the inter-departmental and inter-regional law enforcement linkage response and cooperation mechanism to realize the exchange of regulatory information, the interconnection of illegal clues and the mutual assistance of law enforcement actions. Promote the relevant administrative departments to carry out joint supervision and joint punishment in the fields of compulsory certification product access management, environmental monitoring and motor vehicle security inspection; Give full play to the comprehensive law enforcement efficiency of market supervision, strengthen the coordination of certification and testing supervision and credit supervision, law enforcement inspection, anti-monopoly law enforcement, anti-unfair competition, network supervision and advertising supervision, and organize the market supervision system to jointly handle global and cross-regional case clues; Smooth the connection between disciplines, improve the working mechanisms such as information communication, clue transfer, measures coordination and achievement sharing, and hand over the clues of discipline-related cases to the discipline inspection and supervision departments according to regulations.

(2) Strengthen the recognition constraints. Optimize the top-level design of accreditation system, better adapt to the new development trend of conformity assessment activities in various industries, and provide more ability verification services to meet the needs of conformity assessment institutions and related parties. Focus on major national strategies, and strive to improve the level of recognized technical support in the fields of energy conservation and emission reduction, food safety, network security and safe production. Strengthen the special supervision of accreditation based on risk assessment, and constantly strengthen the role of accreditation and restraint. Give full play to the recognized advantages of international mutual recognition, and promote the capacity building of inspection and certification and the acceptance of results.

(3) Strengthen industry self-discipline. Guide practitioners and practitioners to consciously abide by the "Regulations on Certification and Accreditation" and the basic norms of conformity assessment, and encourage industry self-discipline in the form of peer review. Strengthen the self-discipline management function of trade associations, establish and improve the self-discipline behavior norms and professional ethics standards of institutions, explore the establishment of systems such as "whistleblower" and internal whistleblower, encourage and guide peer supervision, standardize the behavior of employees and personnel, and safeguard the reputation of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing industries.

(4) Strengthen social supervision. We will improve the information sharing platforms such as the national public service platform for certification and accreditation information, the information inquiry system for qualification identification of inspection and testing institutions, and the inquiry system for inspection and testing report numbers, unblock the channels for reporting complaints, strengthen the investigation and evaluation of professional conduct, encourage the public to conduct information inquiry and behavior supervision on employees, attach importance to giving play to the role of news public opinion supervision, encourage the news media and online platforms to expose problem clues and illegal cases, and enhance the synergistic effect of public opinion supervision and administrative law enforcement.

3. Improve the system supervision mode with multiple measures.

(1) Full implementation of "double random and one open" supervision. First, adhere to the combination of "double random and one open" supervision and classified management. Continuously optimize and improve the directory database of employees and the directory database of supervisors. Through big data analysis, scientific classification is implemented for institutions with different risk levels and credit levels. When randomly selecting inspection objects, take differentiated supervision measures for different types of institutions and set a reasonable sampling ratio. Intensify spot checks on institutions with high risk level and low credit level. The second is to adhere to the combination of unified deployment and hierarchical implementation. The General Administration has strengthened the overall coordination of the overall inspection work, uniformly extracted the inspected objects, uniformly formulated inspection work instructions and inspection forms, unified inspection standards, and improved the standardization of inspection work. Give full play to the hierarchical management efficiency of the General Administration and local market supervision departments, and the inspection tasks shall be implemented by the General Administration and local market supervision departments at different levels to form a joint force of supervision. The third is to innovate regulatory means and strengthen the application of big data. Make full use of information technology and multi-dimensional big data analysis to find the entry point of inspection, improve the targeted accuracy of supervision and improve the efficiency of supervision.

(2) Strengthen risk monitoring and early warning. Improve the whole process traceability, risk monitoring and early warning mechanism of certification and accreditation inspection and testing activities, and organize the collection, analysis, judgment, risk monitoring and early warning, risk disposal and risk tracing of certification and accreditation inspection and testing. Carry out research on risk technical index system and improve risk monitoring index system; Improve quality analysis and public opinion monitoring mechanism, expand risk information collection channels, and strengthen risk judgment and information sharing; Improve the emergency response plan and do a good job in risk emergency response and post-treatment; Strengthen the construction of industry monitoring big data platform and carry out special monitoring and analysis in key areas; Improve the "two single maps" of integrity risk prevention and control, and strengthen the integrity risk prevention and control of qualification licensing, technical review and administrative supervision.

(3) Strengthen supervision and punishment. Implement the "who issues the certificate, who is responsible, who signs it and who is responsible", establish a system in which witnesses take overall responsibility for the inspection, testing and certification results, and strictly implement the main responsibility of the practitioners for the inspection, testing and certification results. Compaction institutions undertake the performance responsibilities entrusted by government departments, and seriously investigate and deal with the data, inaccurate results and fraudulent behaviors of relevant institutions and personnel in undertaking tasks such as product quality supervision and spot check and risk monitoring.

(4) Improve credit supervision. Strengthen the collection and sharing of credit information, establish a working mechanism connected with credit supervision information platforms such as enterprise credit information publicity platform, abnormal business list and serious illegal and untrustworthy list, and establish credit files of institutions and employees; Strictly implement the punishment for dishonesty, study and establish a joint punishment mechanism for serious illegal and untrustworthy subjects in the field of inspection, testing and certification, and implement joint punishment for inspection, testing and certification institutions, employees and certified organizations with serious dishonesty according to law to increase the cost of illegal and untrustworthy; Establish a credit repair system, and remove those who meet the repair conditions from the list of dishonesty in time according to regulations; Improve the industry credit evaluation mechanism, explore the credit rating and third-party evaluation of inspection, testing and certification industries, and promote the formation of a long-term mechanism of "disciplinary punishment for dishonesty and trustworthy incentives".

(5) Innovative and intelligent supervision. Build a smart supervision platform covering the whole process of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing activities, strengthen the construction of big data centers and information management systems, and realize real-time collection, accurate analysis and in-depth application of data information. Build an information sharing platform for the whole process of quality certification, collect the information of certification activities in real time, and break through the information bottleneck of certification implementation and supervision; Improve the network sign-in supervision system of certification on-site audit, and realize the integration of online and offline certification supervision; Relying on national inspection and testing institutions, build a number of inspection and testing data centers in key industries; Improve the information sharing and online verification mechanism, and increase the online verification of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing information docking e-commerce platforms and regulatory authorities.

(4) Effectively improve the level of international cooperation.

Grasp the new situation of opening to the outside world, deeply participate in global quality governance, promote the international development of certification and accreditation inspection and testing industry, enhance the international influence and voice of China’s certification and accreditation inspection and testing, and play a more active role in building a new pattern of international cooperation and opening up and promoting high-level opening up.

1. Deepen international cooperation and mutual recognition in all directions.

(1) Actively promote the construction of international conformity assessment organizations. Expand China’s participation and influence in international conformity assessment organizations, do a good job in recommending posts by international organizations, and promote more qualified international talents in China to hold management and technical positions; Strengthen cooperation with WTO, UNIDO, INetQI and other international organizations, promote international exchange of conformity assessment from a wider field and scope, and promote the interconnection of international quality infrastructure; Strengthen the construction of domestic counterpart working groups for conformity assessment of international organizations such as ISO, IEC, IAF and ILAC, improve the domestic operation mechanism of IEC conformity assessment system, form an alliance of domestic operation mechanism of IEC conformity assessment system, and enhance the participation of domestic enterprises and practitioners.

(2) Actively participate in the formulation of international conformity assessment standards and rules. Aiming at international capacity cooperation and the forefront of science and technology industry, we will actively put forward conformity assessment standards and rules in low-carbon and new energy fields such as offshore wind power, photovoltaic power generation, charging piles for electric vehicles, hydrogen energy and ultra-high voltage transmission, actively undertake international peer review, capacity comparison among international laboratories and other cooperation projects, actively publicize China’s excellent practice of conformity assessment through multi-bilateral international arena, promote China’s conformity assessment standards and systems to be internationally adopted, build an internationally renowned certification system brand, and strengthen its contribution to the development of international conformity assessment system.

(3) Expand and deepen the mutual recognition results of multi-bilateral cooperation. Strengthen multi-level cooperation between governments and institutions, and expand cooperation areas, partners and channels. Actively promote the expansion and upgrading of cooperation arrangements for conformity assessment under free trade zones (FTAs), solidly promote mutual recognition arrangements for conformity assessment under Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP), closely follow the negotiation processes such as Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (CPTPP) and Digital Economy Partnership Agreement (DEPA), and study and propose cooperation plans in the field of conformity assessment; Accelerate the process of mutual recognition of food and agricultural products, consumer goods, equipment manufacturing, service industry and other fields, promote new breakthroughs in international mutual recognition in key areas such as information technology, high-end equipment, green products, renewable energy, and achieve a number of "small but beautiful" cooperation results in order to solve the specific needs of industries and enhance the competitiveness of related industries in the international market.

(4) Pragmatically promote the "Belt and Road" certification, accreditation, inspection and testing cooperation. Implement the "Belt and Road" cooperation initiative, focus on deepening multi-level cooperation between governments and people in the field of conformity assessment, and extensively promote cooperation in various fields such as policy coordination, technical exchange, personnel training, institutional cooperation, market opening and mutual recognition arrangements. Formulate the "One Belt, One Road" cooperation action plan for certification, accreditation, inspection and testing, organize and implement a number of effective cooperation projects such as the training of "One Belt, One Road" conformity assessment officials, technical assistance for certification and accreditation, and laboratory capacity verification, and promote the multi-bilateral mutual recognition arrangements in the fields of food and agricultural products, energy, transportation, electronic appliances, communication facilities, etc., and enhance the level of regional trade and investment facilitation.

2. Improve the facilitation level of conformity assessment service trade.

(1) Improve conformity assessment and promote international trade service system. Build a "information service platform for trade facilitation of conformity assessment services", strengthen the functions of publishing, sharing and feedback of conformity assessment information, and improve the accuracy and convenience for enterprises to obtain international conformity assessment services; Carry out in-depth analysis of the impact of conformity assessment on the trading industry, implement the project of "dynamic tracking and application of international certification and accreditation laws, regulations and standards", carry out comparative research on laws and regulations in the field of international conformity assessment, establish a database of conformity assessment information for major trading objects and trading products, track and analyze the development trend of international conformity assessment and the demand of trade industry development for conformity assessment, and study and formulate solutions for conformity assessment to promote trade facilitation under the new development pattern; Do a good job in WTO/TBT notification, consultation and evaluation, actively reflect the demands of the industry, put forward reasonable proposals, promote the fairness and transparency of conformity assessment measures in relevant countries, prevent the abuse of technical trade measures, and promote the liberalization and facilitation of trade and investment. Strengthen the assessment and response of the impact of overseas conformity assessment measures on China’s industry and trade, accelerate the pace of independent innovation and cooperation and mutual recognition of conformity assessment in key core areas, promote the stability and smoothness of the supply chain of international industrial chain, and safeguard national sovereignty and development interests.

(2) Promote the international development of professional institutions. Encourage and guide practitioners to participate in multi-bilateral cooperation and mutual recognition of conformity assessment, promote the continuous growth of the number of domestic institutions joining multilateral mutual recognition systems such as IEC and IQNet, encourage domestic institutions to set up branches abroad, support domestic and foreign institutions to carry out business cooperation, and promote the close connection between inspection, testing and certification and overseas investment and capacity cooperation projects to provide enterprises with international, localized and integrated services; Encourage practitioners to participate in the formulation of international conformity assessment standards and rules and technical exchanges, participate in international capacity cooperation and service outsourcing projects, enhance independent innovation capability and international market competitiveness, cultivate new advantages in technology, management and service, and build an internationally renowned brand of conformity assessment institutions; Accelerate the training and export of international talents from professional institutions, and cultivate a team of high-quality professional talents with international vision.

(E) efforts to consolidate the foundation support system.

Taking reform and innovation as the driving force and improving the quality of supply as the main line, we will solidly promote the construction of the rule of law, systems, science and technology, and talent teams, comprehensively strengthen basic support capabilities, and promote the high-quality development of certification and accreditation inspection and testing.

1. Strengthen the protection of law and discipline

(1) Improve the system of laws and regulations. Accelerate the revision of the "Regulations on Certification and Accreditation", study and draft the "Regulations on Inspection and Testing", promote relevant laws and regulations to improve the provisions related to certification and accreditation inspection and testing, and accelerate the legislative process of conformity assessment. Strengthen the revision of departmental regulations and normative documents in the field of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing, and improve rules and regulations such as qualification of practitioners, management of employees, conformity assessment activities and supervision and management; Fully implement the requirements of legality review and fair competition review, and improve the quality of legislation.

(2) scientifically define the rights and responsibilities. Fully implement list management, establish a list of powers, a list of responsibilities and a negative list of market access in the field of certification, accreditation, inspection and supervision, and effectively regulate administrative law enforcement behavior and market subject behavior; Adhere to the principle of "who approves, who supervises, who is in charge and who supervises" and clarify the boundaries of industry management responsibilities; Adhere to the combination of territorial management and hierarchical management, and rationally divide the regulatory powers and responsibilities of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing at all levels.

(3) Improve the supervision and restriction mechanism. Strictly regulate the use of public power in the field of certification and accreditation inspection and testing, improve the supervision and restriction mechanism of power operation, earnestly strengthen the construction of a clean and honest government, strengthen the connection between discipline and execution, increase supervision, implement supervision responsibilities, and resolutely safeguard the fairness, integrity and effectiveness of certification and accreditation inspection and testing.

2. Strengthen technical support

(1) Optimize the supply of conformity assessment standards. Improve the standardization mechanism of conformity assessment, give full play to the centralized management function of the National Technical Committee for Certification and Accreditation Standardization (TC261), accelerate the transformation and application of international standards for conformity assessment, standardize and guide the coordinated development of national standards, industry standards and group standards in the field of conformity assessment, and form a more scientific and reasonable conformity assessment standard system. Actively promote the application of advanced standards and the latest scientific and technological achievements in the field of conformity assessment, carry out self-examination and clean-up of industry standards, actively adopt industry advanced standards, encourage industry associations and industrial technology alliances to develop group standards that meet the needs of conformity assessment, and comprehensively improve the supply level of conformity assessment standards.

(2) Improve the innovation ability of conformity assessment. Strengthen policy theory research, improve the top-level design of conformity assessment system, and provide policy guidance and intellectual support for the innovative development of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing; Improve the integration mechanism of Industry-University-Research, encourage practitioners to develop conformity assessment technical schemes higher than the general requirements of the industry, encourage enterprises, research institutes and industry associations to participate in conformity assessment innovation research and development activities, improve the "certification system owner" mechanism, and strengthen the protection and application of independent innovation technological achievements; We will tackle key core technologies, adapt to the development trend of conformity assessment technology from small sample sampling to big data analysis, from single attribute to multi-attribute system evaluation, from qualitative evaluation to quantitative evaluation, and from traditional technology to intelligent and full-life cycle technology, and carry out technical research on digitalization, intelligence, precision and systematization of conformity assessment, so as to comprehensively improve the supporting and leading ability of conformity assessment technology.

(3) Promote the high-level utilization of inspection and testing resources. Promote the high-end development of inspection and testing instruments and equipment, guide resources and funds to the research and development of inspection and testing instruments and equipment, strengthen the research and development and application of digital and intelligent testing technology and equipment, establish a verification and evaluation system for domestic inspection and testing instruments and equipment, carry out performance comparison, verification and comprehensive evaluation of high-end instruments and meters at home and abroad, and improve the technical level of inspection and testing instruments and equipment; Strengthen the development of standard samples/reference materials for inspection and testing, deepen the innovative research and development and intellectual property protection in inspection and testing methods and regulations, instruments and equipment, experimental environment and trademark identification, and improve the comprehensive application level of inspection and testing element resources; Construct an open sharing platform for inspection and testing resources to improve the efficiency of resource development and utilization.

3. Strengthen talent guidance

(1) Build an education and training base. Strengthen the education construction of certification and accreditation inspection and testing disciplines, support institutions of higher learning, vocational and technical schools, education and training institutions to strengthen cooperation with certification and accreditation inspection and testing institutions, build education and training demonstration bases, develop qualified assessment education and training courses to meet the needs of industry and society, and provide multi-level, multi-field and multi-channel professional training for industry, government and society.

(2) Improve the ability of professional teams. Establish and improve the professional qualification system of quality certification and inspection and testing practitioners, improve the ability evaluation and continuing education mechanism, and continuously improve the ability and quality of personnel. Strengthen the management of registration examination for certification practitioners, organize training activities in Certification staff, expand the team of certification auditors, strengthen the training and supervision of assessors in inspection and testing institutions, optimize the selection and on-site assessment mechanism of assessors, promote the construction of industry assessment teams, and improve the professional ethics and professional competence of assessors. Vigorously carry forward the entrepreneurial spirit and craftsman spirit, make the pursuit of Excellence and advocating quality become the value orientation of the industry, and create high-quality management and industry leaders of inspection and certification institutions.

(3) Strengthen the construction of supervision team. Strengthen the supervision capacity building of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing of market supervision departments at all levels, clarify the powers and responsibilities of supervision functions, enrich the allocation of supervision resources, equip the supervision staff, strengthen the inclined support for the grassroots front line, and build a certification, accreditation, inspection and testing supervision team with excellent politics, exquisite business and excellent work style. Strengthen training guidance, enrich and improve training materials and case base of supervision and law enforcement, carry out multi-level training exchanges, on-the-job training, skill competition and other activities to enhance the ability of supervision and law enforcement.

Fourth, safeguard measures

(1) Strengthen organizational leadership. Strengthen the party’s leadership over certification, accreditation, inspection and testing, and provide a strong political guarantee for the implementation of the plan. Establish a working system of unified leadership, departmental coordination and linkage from top to bottom, comprehensively strengthen overall coordination and organization and implementation, and create a good policy environment, market environment and rule of law environment. Give full play to the industry management function of CNCA, strengthen the role of CNCA in overall coordination, system scheduling, and guarantee implementation, and improve the planning implementation mechanism. We will improve the working mechanism of the national inter-ministerial joint conference on certification and accreditation, enhance the efficiency of inter-ministerial cooperation, and strengthen policy convergence, planning guidance and work coordination. Promote all departments and localities to incorporate certification, accreditation, inspection and testing into special plans and local plans, and guide enterprises, institutions, industry organizations and social organizations to actively participate in the implementation of the plan and form a joint effort. Local market supervision departments should combine the actual situation, formulate the planning and implementation plan, decompose and implement the objectives and tasks, clarify the responsible subjects, and ensure the implementation as scheduled.

(2) Improve investment guarantee. Encourage all departments and localities to formulate policies to promote certification, accreditation, inspection and testing and implement projects, establish and improve the capital investment guarantee mechanism combining government, enterprises and society, encourage and guide the standardized and orderly investment of financial funds and social capital, actively support local governments, enterprises and institutions to arrange matching funds for major projects, explore market-oriented capital channels such as development funds, project investment and financing, and quality liability insurance, give play to the synergistic effect of financial, taxation, financial and insurance tools, and increase investment support.

(3) Strengthen publicity and guidance. We will carry out in-depth theme activities such as "Quality Month", "World Accreditation Day" and "Open Day of National Inspection and Testing Institutions", give full play to the role of news media and new media platforms, strengthen the publicity, policy interpretation, knowledge popularization and achievement display of certification and accreditation inspection and testing, improve the quality awareness and integrity awareness of the whole society, and enhance market confidence. Actively publicize the excellent practice of conformity assessment in China, encourage practitioners to carry out international publicity and promotion activities, and enhance their international influence. Strengthen public opinion guidance, respond to public opinion trends in a timely manner, and create a good public opinion environment.

(4) Strictly implement the evaluation. According to the evaluation principle of combining target evaluation with process monitoring, we will monitor, evaluate and guide the implementation of the plan every year, study and solve new situations and problems in the implementation process in a timely manner, give full play to the constraint and leading role of the plan, and ensure the high-quality and efficient completion of the development objectives and tasks during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period.

The sales target of Wenjie Automobile in 2024 is 600,000 vehicles. To achieve this goal, the average monthly sales volume should reach more than 50,000 vehicles. According to the sales volume of the main models, such as the M5 and M7, and the newly listed M9, there is still a certain distance from the monthly sales of 50,000 vehicles. There is an urgent need for a medium-sized and large SUV to take on the heavy responsibility, and the previously exposed M8 came at the right time.

Not long ago, a set of road test spy photos of the M8 was released on the Internet. However, considering all aspects of information, it is very likely that this set of spy photos is an early M9 test vehicle rather than a real M8 vehicle. Pay attention to the fact that the air intake grille on the front of the spy photos has a cooling hole, which is specially designed for the heat dissipation of the range extender. Later, when the M9 went on the market, we also saw that it was consistent with the pure electric version in appearance, and all of them were changed to lower air intake.

According to online news, it is very likely that the M8 will be listed in mid-2024, with a body size closer to that of M9 and larger than that of M7. The price of the new car is predicted to start at 350,000 yuan, which will be a product in the same price range as the ideal L8. Ideal L8 sold 15,000 vehicles a month at the peak of sales last year. What did M8 do to deal with it?

First of all, in terms of configuration, the M8 is hard enough: it is equipped with 800V high-voltage battery pack, laser radar, smart lighting, AR-HUD head-up display, Turing chassis, etc., and it is possible to provide 5-seat, 6-seat or 7-seat models.

Chassis and performance are the killer of M8. It is reported that apart from the intelligent chassis of Huawei Turing, the M8 will also be equipped with its 800-volt high-voltage power system of the giant whale. The combination of these two innovative technologies will greatly improve the driving performance and charging efficiency.

After Huawei’s ADS 2.0 system is superimposed, the IP M8 can also be intelligently and adaptively adjusted by sensing hardware, including air suspension and CDC variable damping shock absorber. At that time, the performance of IP M8 in chassis handling and comfort will be even better.

On the level of intelligent driving, Huawei ADS 2.0 intelligent driving system can reach L3 level in the future, but on the M8, the hardware configuration is believed to be not too bad. The 192-line laser radar (1), millimeter-wave radar (3), door-opening anti-collision millimeter-wave radar (4), ultrasonic radar (12) and high-definition camera (11) will not fall down, and the fusion sensing BEV will identify all kinds of abnormal obstacles. Without the support of high-precision map, NCA of most urban roads can still be covered.

In terms of endurance performance, the new car is equipped with a "Whale" 800V high-voltage battery pack, which reduces the wiring harness by 80% and the thickness by 16.4%, and can charge 150 kilometers in 5 minutes. According to the M9, the extended-range version has a battery life of over 1,400 kilometers (over 200 kilometers for pure electric vehicles), and the pure electric version can also reach 630 kilometers. It is expected that the battery life performance of the M8 will not be too different.

N comments:On March 22nd, HarmonyOS Zhixing announced that 86 days after the listing of the M9, it will definitely exceed 60,000 sets. According to the current information analysis, the configuration, intelligence level, chassis, performance and hardware performance of Wenjie M8 are quite interesting. Thanks to the advantages of backwardness, its comprehensive product strength is likely to exceed the ideal L8. The remaining key is the price. At present, the ideal L8 has a discount at the terminal, and the future transaction price is likely to exceed the range of 300,000 yuan. How much does M8 sell, or it will become a key factor affecting its sales.

Original clove doctor　

A surprise inspection!

Did you have a good drink of water today?

Or are you feeling thirsty

My throat is as dry as the Sahara desert.

Under normal circumstances, adult women only need to consume 1.1 ~ 1.5 liters of water a day, and adult men only need to consume 1.2 ~ 1.9 liters of water to meet their needs (including water in drinks and food).

But! Some people need more water than this.

Image source: cover expression pack

If you eat something at ordinary times, you must have a drink.

Otherwise, it’s too dry to swallow

When sleeping at night

I’m so thirsty that I may even cough

Need to get out of bed for tons of irrigation three times and two times.

Crucially:

I also drank a lot of water, but I just couldn’t quench my thirst!

Don’t be nervous yet ~ Thirst is a normal physiological reaction of human beings. In the short term, it may be that the weather is too hot, eating too salty, and just experienced strenuous exercise.

But if you continue to feel dry mouth and have some other accompanying symptoms, be careful!

This may be a signal from some diseases: your body has several potential health problems that need to be vigilant.

Image source: Station Cool Hailuo

01

Thyroid diseases

Patients with hyperthyroidism have increased thyroid hormone secretion, accelerated basal metabolic rate and significantly increased oxygen consumption. In addition, the heat production of the body increases, the heat dissipation accelerates, and the demand for water will increase accordingly.

Make your mouth thirsty, become a buffalo, and drink more water than usual.

Hyperthyroidism patients may also be accompanied by increased heart rate, palpitation, shaking hands, diarrhea, more sweating in hands, less hair loss, etc., but the most obvious manifestation may be the thickening of the neck.

In addition, people who used to be nice have suddenly exploded like a runaway scooter recently.

I also feel that I am always upset, insomnia and anxiety, and my brain often has a party late at night, making it difficult to sleep.

In the above situation, it is best to go to the endocrinology department in time and make an appointment for thyroid function determination and ultrasound examination.

Image source: Station Cool Hailuo

02

sicca syndrome

This is a common rheumatic disease, and the common clinical manifestation is dry mouth for more than 3 months.

Say a word and eat a solid food, you need to drink water. Eyes will feel very dry, like entering the sand.

Different from "dry eye", it is an eye disease, which is caused by insufficient tear secretion or excessive evaporation. Sjogren’s syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease.

Let’s just say it’s because your own immune organization mistakenly attacked salivary glands, lacrimal glands and other glands. These glands responsible for producing water are destroyed and the water secretion is reduced, so you feel dry mouth and eyes.

The data show that the probability of Sjogren’s syndrome patients suffering from malignant lymphoma is nearly 40 times higher than that of ordinary people. It may also affect other multiple systems of your body and have corresponding clinical manifestations:

Involving the skin, it can be manifested as itching and desquamation of the skin;

Involved in the respiratory tract, dry cough and dyspnea may occur;

Involvement of digestive system may be accompanied by abdominal distension and diarrhea;

Involving the nervous system, limb numbness and weakness, orthostatic hypotension, hyperhidrosis, hypohidrosis or anhidrosis of limb skin, memory and attention loss may occur.

There may also be systemic symptoms such as fatigue and low fever, and a few cases will show high fever, even high fever above 39℃.

Sjogren’s syndrome is generally recommended to go to the Rheumatology Immunology Department for investigation. If there is no such department, you can go to the General Internal Medicine Department for a look.

Image source: Station Cool Hailuo

03

Diabetes, poor blood sugar control

In addition to often feeling thirsty, I am particularly hungry; Frequent urination-the number of times to pee in the toilet has increased, and the amount of urination has also increased; Weight is also lost for no reason, accompanied by a sense of fatigue that is difficult to relieve.

Please pay attention to your blood sugar level! This may be the typical symptoms of diabetes: drinking more, eating more, urinating more and losing weight.

When blood sugar rises, there will be osmotic diuresis, which will lead to the reduction of water reabsorption by the kidney, and a large amount of water will be discharged from the kidney, thus making the urine volume increase abnormally. Therefore, the body is short of water, and then it feels thirsty and unconsciously wants to drink more water, which further leads to an increase in urine output and a vicious circle.

Diabetes is very common, with 11 patients in every 100 people, and most of them can’t be cured. Once they get it, they need lifelong treatment.

If you want to know your blood sugar health as soon as possible, you can go to the endocrinology department.

Image source: Station Cool Hailuo

04

sleep apnea syndrome

After waking up in the morning, I often feel that my throat is terribly dry. Don’t ignore it. Looking back, do you still snore when you sleep?

Some people are dry, while others are dry because Lao Zhang snored with his mouth open the night before.

This is not a rap or joke, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA), but also a large group of patients with dry mouth.

TA people may snore and snore when they sleep, and their breathing pauses for several seconds before they recover. Classic clinical manifestations also include: feeling suffocated when sleeping, thirsty after waking up, dizziness and headache, drowsiness during the day, and difficulty in concentration …

In contrast, dry mouth is just a minor problem.

Studies have found that it is also related to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (such as stroke), metabolic diseases and other multi-system damage. The probability of traffic accidents in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is 250% higher than that in the general population.

Image source: Station Cool Hailuo

05

diabetes insipidus

This is a relatively rare disease.

Let’s just say that we ordinary people can’t maintain normal urine output without a substance called "antidiuretic hormone". It is synthesized by the hypothalamus and stored in the pituitary gland, working silently for us.

If this mechanism is obstructed and antidiuretic hormone is deficient, it will fall into a state of "storage failure"; Or the kidney is not sensitive to this hormone, which will make you dry mouth and urinate easily, and may also excrete a lot of innocent urine.

Generally speaking, normal adults excrete about 1 ~ 2 liters of urine a day, that is, 4 ~ 6 times of urine.

If you urinate more than 4 liters in 24 hours and urinate significantly more than 6 times, and this situation lasts for more than half a month, be alert to the possibility of diabetes insipidus.

If you are really worried, you can go to the endocrinology department or nephrology department for treatment.

Image source: Station Cool Hailuo

To sum up, whether you want to see a doctor about dry mouth mainly depends on whether it lasts for more than 3 months and has affected your daily life.

If so, remember to actively seek medical treatment and check the risk of disease. Don’t delay! Don’t delay! Don’t delay! Say the important things three times.

As for friends who are usually fine and suddenly feel itchy and have a dry mouth when they see here … Don’t panic, I advise you to drink some water first. You may simply drink less water!

Image source: emoticon pack

Or, you have thoroughly investigated the possible pathological factors, and still feel dry mouth often, and don’t fall into the "hypochondriac trap". There is also a simple answer: you need to consume more water than others, so don’t worry too much.

Admit that some "problems" are like myopia. Although it is difficult to eradicate, we can still learn to live in peace with them.

This article review expert

references

[1] Yamada Y, Zhang X, Henderson MET, Sagayama H, Pontzer H, et al. Variation in human water turnover associated with environmental and lifestyle factors. Science. 2022 Nov 25; 378(6622):909-915.

Ge Junbo, Xu Yongjian, Wang Chen. Internal Medicine [M]. 9th edition. Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House, 2018: 829-832.

Plan and make

Planning: V | Producer: Feidi

Cover image Source: Network

Original title: "Often dry mouth, don’t think that there is water shortage! May be a sign of disease "

Read the original text

　　Cctv news(Evening News): It’s two sessions a year again. In 2024, the National People’s Congress will be held soon. Looking back on the past year, have the proposals and proposals of the deputies been effective? How has the development goal put forward in the government work report been achieved? What kind of answers have been handed over from the central government to the local government in various fields such as development and people’s livelihood? "Evening News" launched a series of reports "One Year of the Two Sessions". Let’s first look at the quality of people’s livelihood papers.

　　People’s livelihood is no small matter, and branches and leaves are always related to love. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that the upbringing and education of children, the employment of young people and the medical care for the elderly are family matters as well as state affairs. The expectation of the people is the direction of people’s livelihood work. Looking back at the National People’s Congress in 2023, the Government Work Report made a commitment to the development of people’s livelihood. What changes have taken place around us during this year? Let’s pay attention together.

　　Education: There are more and more good schools at home.

　　This week, primary and secondary schools in many places across the country ushered in the new semester in the spring of 2024. The Taiping New Town School in Anning, Yunnan Province, which was just completed last year, has solved the problem of difficult schooling for the children of surrounding residential areas and migrant workers. Nowadays, children can enjoy high-quality teaching resources at their doorstep.

　　From small bungalows to tall buildings, from "small yards" to "big schools", the conditions for running schools in rural areas are getting better and better, and the gap between urban and rural education is also being bridged step by step. This is the development goal of "promoting the balanced development of compulsory education and urban-rural integration" put forward in the "Government Work Report" at the two sessions last year. In the past year, there have been more and more good schools at the doorstep of ordinary people. According to preliminary statistics, at present, 1,736 high-quality schools and more than 50,000 "special post plan" teachers have been added in various places, which has further strengthened the teaching staff of rural schools in the central and western regions.

　　Culture: The opening hours of venues are longer, and the public culture is richer.

　　There are more and more good schools at home, and public cultural life is more colorful. In the past year, reading a good book in the city study, watching a special exhibition in the rural museum, or having a sweaty game with three or five friends in the gym at home have become the daily life of more and more people. This has gradually fulfilled the promise of prosperity and development of cultural undertakings and industries put forward at the two national conferences in 2023. On the eve of the Spring Festival this year, the open area of the three major cultural buildings in the Beijing City Sub-center reached nearly 90%. Among them, the city library has a collection capacity of 8 million volumes, which will build the world’s largest single reading room and the largest intelligent three-dimensional stacks in China. In this year, it has become the new normal that cultural venues around the country are "brightly lit and crowded" at night. At present, there are 33,500 new public cultural spaces such as urban study rooms, cultural post stations and cultural auditoriums, and people can enjoy high-quality cultural and artistic services at their doorsteps.

　　Medical treatment: "seeing a disease" and "seeing a good disease" at home.

　　At the doorstep of ordinary people, there is another obvious change, that is, there are more and more good hospitals. In 2023, the National People’s Congress proposed to promote the expansion and sinking of high-quality medical resources and the balanced regional layout. With the accelerated construction of national regional medical centers, urban medical groups and county medical communities, a large number of top experts and leading technologies in China have sunk to areas with relatively weak medical standards. Up to now, China has set up 13 specialized national medical centers and identified 125 national regional medical center construction projects, covering all provinces with weak medical resources, and the goal of "staying out of the province when seriously ill" is gradually being realized.

　　Medical care: medical insurance is more convenient when drug prices have dropped.

　　It is convenient to see a doctor, and it is easy to reimburse medical insurance. In 2023, the National People’s Congress proposed to deepen the reform of the medical and health system and promote the coordinated development and governance of medical insurance, medical care and medicine. In one year, all employees’ medical insurance and residents’ medical insurance participants can realize the online filing of medical treatment across provinces and different places, and the new version of the medical insurance drug list will also be officially implemented this year. It is expected that the burden will be reduced by more than 40 billion yuan for patients in the next two years. Among them, the price change of dental implants has always been concerned by the people. After a series of comprehensive price control, the overall cost of a single conventional dental implant has been reduced from an average of 15,000 yuan to about 6,000-7,000 yuan.

　　Old-age care: better service, more assured home-based care

　　With the "medical care" to see a doctor, the problem of providing for the aged is even more touching. Over the past year, from the central government to the local government, a number of policies to actively respond to the aging of the population, such as the construction of basic old-age service system, food service for the elderly, and aging transformation, have been introduced. The Law on the Construction of Barrier-free Environment has been implemented. More than 700,000 families of elderly people with special difficulties in China have undergone aging transformation, making it more convenient and safe for the elderly to provide for the elderly at home.

　　Wu Lantian, an 88-year-old man from Zhengzhou, Henan Province, enjoyed an aging renovation plan tailored for him by the community. He installed guardrails and emergency pagers at the bedside and such long handrails in his bedroom.

　　In this year, the Central Office and the State Council issued the Opinions on Promoting the Construction of the Basic Old-age Service System, proposing that by 2025, the basic old-age service system will cover all the elderly, which provides institutional guarantee for all the elderly to achieve "a sense of security".

　　This year, the country adhered to the people first, and made great efforts to protect and improve people’s livelihood. These daily lives, which we are most concerned about, the most direct and the most realistic, bear everyone’s yearning for a better life. We are delighted to see that these goals and commitments are being implemented step by step, bringing stable happiness to the people.

"If you don’t pay attention, you will lose two points. Now you should be more cautious!" Wang Peng (a pseudonym), a young doctor from Chongqing Southwest Hospital, said regretfully in front of reporters on December 6. He was the first participant in the third training course of "driver’s license" management doctors’ rational drug use in the country. Because he was scored 6 points, he was stopped from studying prescription rights for a week.

The reporter learned from the hospital that there are 34 doctors from 11 departments studying with Wang Peng. Although some doctors feel wronged, most of them think that "it is necessary to return to the furnace." In fact, since the implementation of the "driver’s license" management of rational drug use, the hospital has been warned by 760 person-times, one person has revoked the prescription right, 75 people have been suspended from attending training courses, and three department directors have admonished and talked. The "scorecard" is directly linked to the term evaluation, professional title promotion and year-end rewards and punishments of doctors.

"driver’s license" to manage doctors’ rational drug use

In order to make doctors more cautious in prescribing drugs, Chongqing Southwest Hospital pioneered the "driver’s license" system to manage doctors’ rational drug use in the country. A doctor’s prescription right is just like a driver’s license. If a scoring system is implemented, doctors who use drugs unreasonably will be penalized. Once they are deducted 12 points, they may be punished by demotion, suspension and so on.

Zhang Hongyan, deputy director of the Medical Education Department of Southwest Hospital, told the reporter that in recent years, the hospital has taken the lead in giving quantitative scoring management to the personal medication of the prescribers in the hospital with the help of information technology. Each doctor has only 12 points. According to the degree of unreasonable drug use by doctors, the deduction standard is divided into Class I, Class II and Class III errors. "In the whole hospital, no one enjoys the privilege. From the third-level old experts and professors to the general attending doctors, there is a standard." He said.

The reporter saw in the hospital that the deduction standard of the doctor’s personal scorecard for rational drug use is very detailed: 0.5 points are deducted for a class of mistakes, mainly including irregular prescription writing, course of treatment that does not meet the general regulations, etc. Deduct 1 point for class II errors, including inappropriate usage and dosage, long course of treatment, etc. Deduct 2 points for three kinds of mistakes, mainly referring to unconventional drug use, such as prescribing a single prescription with an amount of more than 1,500 yuan without justifiable reasons. The punishment is also divided into three levels: the first-level deduction is below 6 points. The hospital will send a text message to remind the doctor and inform the department director; The second-level deduction is over 6 points. Doctors will suspend prescription rights for one week, attend training courses on rational drug use at their own expense, and only after passing the examination can prescription rights be restored; 12 points will be deducted at the third level. Doctors will be demoted, suspended, etc.

"The adverse reactions caused by drug use are undoubtedly a risk for patients, and irrational drug use has increased this risk, all over the world." Guo Jiwei, president of Southwest Hospital, said that the purpose of using such a strict system to control doctors’ medication is simple, that is, to make doctors use drugs more rationally.

The cost of medicine per outpatient is greatly reduced.

"It’s nothing to spend a few hundred dollars in some slightly larger hospitals, most of which are tens of thousands of dollars. Who dares to go to the hospital casually!" When the reporter interviewed randomly on the street, many citizens expressed similar views to the reporter. Undoubtedly, the root of the contradiction between doctors and patients is mostly caused by the large prescription medical expenses prescribed by doctors.

According to the data disclosed by the first China Medical Rule of Law Forum, there were 115,000 medical disputes in China in 2014, and many hot topics of public opinion are the reflection of the increasingly complex relationship between doctors and patients in real life. With the development of commercial society, the doctor-patient relationship has changed from "life entrustment" to "money transaction", and the contradiction between doctors and patients has also become prominent. According to the statistics of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, before 2014, the number of medical injuries in China showed an increasing trend year by year.

Some experts pointed out: "Pursuing the maximization of benefits, doctors act as a bridge between patients and pharmaceutical companies, and large prescriptions and multi-course treatment programs make patients miserable, which has become a major source of contradictions between doctors and patients." The "driver’s license" management medication system initiated by Chongqing Southwest Hospital seems to provide an effective prescription for easing the tense doctor-patient relationship.

It is understood that "driver’s license" management is not only a penalty deduction, but also a comprehensive control effect through training and assessment, simulation test, early warning and monitoring, real-time control and interaction management. Zhang Hongyan introduced that the prescriptions prescribed by doctors are monitored in real time. As long as there is a suspected unreasonable prescription, the system will display it to assist professional pharmacists to judge after reading it. Doctors who are not convinced will be judged by experts in the hospital.

According to Lu Changwei, head of the medical department of the medical education department of the hospital, after the implementation of the system, the drug cost per outpatient has dropped from 288 yuan per capita in 2013 to 256 yuan per capita at present; The cost of medicine per inpatient has dropped from about 9,600 yuan per capita in 2013 to about 6,500 yuan at present.

Step on the "emergency brake" for irrational drug use

Excessive medical treatment runs counter to the direction of medical reform and even weakens the fair effect of medical reform. According to industry insiders, this system can "slam the brakes" on irrational drug use, which is very necessary for the current public hospitals. A professor at Chongqing University told the reporter: "The reason for irrational drug use behavior is not only profit-driven, but also the lack of drug knowledge and the lack of correct drug use habits. Under the mechanism of supplementing medicine with medicine, doctors have developed many wrong medication habits, and even without economic incentives, they will prescribe medicine according to old habits. The deduction system can push the doctor’s medication behavior to the standardized track in a short period of time. "

Experts pointed out that the "driver’s license" rational drug use system can largely cut off the bridge role of doctors between patients and pharmaceutical companies, on the one hand, standardize the treatment behavior of doctors; On the other hand, it also reduces the financial burden and extra physical burden of patients, which is a great help to solve the contradiction between doctors and patients.

The reporter’s investigation found that since the implementation of the "driver’s license" rational drug use system, most citizens have supported it. They generally feel that the system can curb doctors’ behavior of obtaining benefits from patients in disguise and losing medical ethics, and at the same time, it can promote the standardized operation of the whole medical industry. However, some doctors worry that the implementation of this system will bring some troubles to doctors.

Dr. Zhang from a 3A hospital in Chongqing said: "Doctors have to take self-protection measures for fear of falling into endless medical liability disputes when treating patients’ diseases. That is to say, the pursuit of’ what can be checked or not must be checked’,’ one or two courses of medicine can be cured and three courses of medicine can be opened’, and’ large prescriptions can be cured’ is to avoid unnecessary risks. " In his view, it should not be possible to improve the responsibility identification mechanism for medical disputes between doctors and patients, otherwise the "driver’s license" medication system may make doctors feel at a loss.

1905 movie network news Tsui Hark’s new work will be released nationwide on July 27th. Today, the film released a special edition of Kenny Lin, showing the charm of Sha Tuozhong, a warm and cute medical officer. As a "comedy actor" in the film, Sha Tuozhong is warm and cute, capturing a large number of diehard fans and gaining the title of "group pet". Not only that, this time, Sha Tuozhong also talked about love with Shui Yue, played by Sandra. The warm and cute doctor met a "savage girlfriend", and the two interacted with each other in a unique and loving way. For this relationship, Kenny Lin revealed that it would be "a very pure love", and director Tsui Hark called this relationship "a match made in heaven".

This time, "Four Heavenly Kings" returns with "China’s first detective", which will bring the strongest visual enjoyment in summer. With the continuous release of materials, the movie’s popularity index on platforms such as Cat’s Eye and Taobao Film is rising, which is bound to become the most anticipated blockbuster in summer.

　

Kenny Lin displayed its fancy charm, and Sha Tuozhong, a warm and cute medical officer, won the title of "group pet"

Today, "China’s first detective" has returned, upgraded in an all-round way, and the visual effect is amazing. Kenny Lin re-adorns Di Renjie’s "Best Partner" — — Warm and cute medical officer Sha Tuozhong. This film released a special edition of Kenny Lin, and the behind-the-scenes tidbits were made public, showing its fancy charm. As the "comedy actor" in Di Renjie series, Sha Tuozhong captured the audience with warm and cute temperament, and harvested a lot of die-hard powder, which was even more affectionately called "Meng Tuotuo". In this regard, Kenny Lin said: "Shatuo is a funny person, and it is not surprising that anything happened to him." Director Tsui Hark said that when he wrote the script, he referred to Kenny Lin’s own characteristics: "When I wrote the script, I felt that Kenny Lin was like this." Chen Guofu, the producer, even said that all these are the qualities that Kenny Lin gave Sha Tuozhong "because he is so cute".

In the play, Sha Tuozhong’s style is ever-changing, which attracted Mark Chao, an adult of Di, to say with a smile: "Di Renjie is thrifty, and he doesn’t usually go shopping to buy clothes. Unlike Sha Tuozhong, that guy is narcissistic, loves beauty and wears all kinds of clothes." However, in addition to "spitting", Mark Chao praised Kenny Lin, not only calling Kenny Lin a "younger brother", but also breaking the news that his contrast with the role is actually great: "This kid’s emotional intelligence quotient is particularly high and very powerful."

Sandra, on the other hand, revealed that he was drenched in water while filming a certain scene, and Kenny Lin took the initiative to send cold medicine, which made him very moved. Such warm and cute characteristics have also brought Sha Tuozhong a good popularity, and even won the title of "group pet". Previously, several leading actors played the fun of "the debut of the D-Five group in Datang", and Kenny Lin also published Weibo proudly, saying that "after the D-Five debut, this group pet belongs to me" and personally stamped his status as a "group pet".

　

"Ten Shyness Levels" Sha Tuozhong actually talks about love. Tsui Hark: Sha Tuozhong and Shui Yue are a perfect match.

In Di Renjie’s series of films, Sha Tuozhong is a rare and charming "little brother" with superb medical skills and loyal and lively people, but there is only one weakness that bothers him and the people around him, that is, the serious "heterosexual phobia" — — In the face of the opposite sex, I am shy "level 10" and too nervous to even speak. In Four Heavenly Kings, Sha Tuozhong will overcome his weakness and start a special love affair. Earlier, the film revealed that Sha Tuozhong would have an emotional line, which surprised fans and cheered with surprise. He commented that "Wa will finally find someone, and he is moved" and "Show the happy smile of his old mother".

Regarding this "Sato loyalty romance", Kenny Lin revealed: "This is a very pure love, and there is a relatively relaxed and not pessimistic simple love between them." In today’s special edition, this pair of CP is exposed daily, and the warm and cute medical officer meets the "savage girlfriend", and the interaction is very loving. Hidden "strong onlookers" Sha Tuozhong took a bath, and even put down the rhetoric of "I want to see it"; Their eyes met, and Shuiyue looked back, but Sha Tuozhong blushed to avoid it; Shuiyue tried his best to protect Sha Tuozhong, but "accidentally hit" Sha Tuo’s injury.

Director Tsui Hark revealed the "qualitative change process" of this relationship and called it "a match made in heaven": "Shatuo is very kind. When he is willing to help someone unconditionally, the other party will not refuse. Shui Yue was originally arrogant, but when she met Sha Tuo on the run, I thought it was a match made in heaven. " With the continuous release of materials, the movie’s popularity index on platforms such as Cat’s Eye and Taobao Film is rising, and the topic discussion is getting higher and higher, becoming the most anticipated blockbuster in summer.

　　Beijing, China, November 28 (Reporter Li Xingjian from the Central Radio and Television Station) According to the report of China Voice "News Night", many elderly people often choose an "elderly machine" with simple function and low price when choosing a mobile phone. However, some criminals have targeted some unprotected "old-age machines" and implanted virus Trojans to achieve remote control and illegal profits. Recently, the court in Xinchang County, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province found that the company of the criminal suspect Wu Mou illegally controlled more than 3.3 million elderly phones, obtained more than 5 million mobile phone verification codes, and made a profit of more than 7.9 million yuan from the sale. The elderly victims were all over 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China. The police revealed that not only old machines, but also some children’s watches with communication functions should be wary of such Trojans. What kind of black industrial chain is hidden behind this?

　　In August last year, in order to take care of her grandmother who is over 80 years old but lives alone, Xiao Zhu of Xinchang County, Zhejiang Province bought her a cheap functional machine online. The so-called function machine is what people often call "the aged machine", which only has basic functions such as answering phones and sending and receiving short messages.

　　However, when Xiao Zhu changed the package for her mobile phone, she found that the short messages sent by others could be received normally, but the verification code could not be received. Xiao Zhu put the phone card into his mobile phone, and the verification code could be received normally. He suspected that his grandmother’s old machine was equipped with a Trojan horse and immediately called the police.

　　Chen Yi, deputy head of the network police brigade of Xinchang County Public Security Bureau, said: "The function of inquiring telephone charges is normal, and other short messages are received normally. Once you encounter bank verification codes, including some mobile verification codes, you will not receive them. It is certain that a program in this mobile phone must have blocked the verification code. "

　　The police conducted an investigation on the online sales of the same brand of elderly phones. The police visited 25 people who bought the same mobile phone locally in Xinchang County and found that there were 15 mobile phones with abnormal SMS sending and receiving. At the same time, the police also conducted a judicial appraisal of the Trojan horse program in the mobile phone. Chen Yi introduced: "The appraisal opinion is that this Trojan has the function of identifying and obtaining all short messages in the mobile phone, which can be blocked according to keywords, and finally the short messages it needs can be uploaded to the server."

　　The public security organs at Shaoxing and Xinchang levels set up a "8.12" task force for infringing citizens’ personal information led by the network security department. After finding out the organizational structure of the whole criminal gang, they rushed to Shenzhen to control all the people involved in this technology company, and obtained a lot of background server data and contracts for trading with upstream and downstream chains. Li Yun, a policeman handling the case of the Criminal Investigation Detachment of Xinchang County Public Security Bureau, said: "Their data inventory has reached more than 5 million mobile phone numbers, and the total amount of information has reached nearly 50 million. This is a very huge amount of data."

　　After investigation, this company, with Wu Mou as the general manager, made a Trojan horse program that can control the mobile phone to recognize and intercept short messages, and cooperated with the motherboard manufacturer to implant the Trojan horse program into the mobile phone motherboard. These motherboards with the Trojan horse program entered the mobile phone manufacturer and were finally sold to the elderly.

　　According to the statistics of the background server of Wu Mou Company, there are more than 3.3 million mobile phone numbers activated by the implanted Trojan horse program, involving more than 4,500 functional model numbers, and the victims are all over 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China. Li Yun, a policeman who handled the case, said: "Once this function machine is used by the elderly, it will actively send the mobile phone number to the Wu Mou gang, and the Wu Mou gang will input the number downstream, and then click to receive the verification code after getting the number downstream. They just go to the e-commerce platform ‘ Bonus hunter ’ Yes. "

　　It is understood that companies in Wu Mou not only use a small number of illegally obtained mobile phone numbers and verification codes to register their own apps and make profits by swiping them, but most of them are sold to "wholesalers" of citizens’ personal information like the "sweet potato" platform.

　　These platforms are an important part of this black industrial chain, and they are called "code receiving platforms" in the "industry". They buy personal information from companies like Wu Mou at a low price, and sell it to gangs and individuals in "bonus hunter" at a higher price through QQ group and WeChat group, and earn a profit from the difference. Thus, citizens’ personal information enters the "black market" and is bought and sold layer by layer, forming a huge criminal network. The criminal suspect Zou said: "A commodity gains a profit of two or three dollars. If you want to make money, you have to register so many. The model is very simple, that is, reselling and earning the difference."

　　The cyber security law stipulates that no individual or organization may steal or obtain personal information in other illegal ways, and may not illegally sell or illegally provide personal information to others.

　　Since June, 2020, Xinchang County Procuratorate has successively filed public prosecutions with Xinchang County Court for Wu Mou and other 70 people suspected of illegal control of computer information systems, infringement of citizens’ personal information and fraud. Recently, the Xinchang County Court made a judgment that Wu Mou was sentenced to four years and six months in prison for the crime of illegally controlling the computer information system, and fined 600,000 yuan, and the illegal income of 6.16 million was recovered; Tong was sentenced to three years in prison for infringing citizens’ personal information, suspended for four years, fined 80,000 yuan, and 70,000 yuan of illegal income was recovered.

　　The police investigating the case reminded that most smart phones are equipped with mobile phone security assistants and other software, which can identify virus Trojans for killing. However, some elderly machines or children’s smart watches produced by informal manufacturers have hidden dangers of being implanted by Trojans. Look for regular and reliable brand products when buying. "When buying this kind of electronic products for children and the elderly, we still have to choose electronic products that can be trusted by big brands, so that the quality is reliable. And in the process of use, we should pay attention to keeping our personal information, pay attention to confidentiality, and not easily disclose the information to others. "

　　Cctv newsRecently, on social media and some new media platforms, people often find that every time some users publish ordinary content, the number of views or likes they get can easily exceed one million, ten million or even hundreds of millions. So, how true are these figures?

　　Not long ago, Weibo, a video promoting a new song released by an artist user, received more than 100 million reposts. At present, the total number of users in Weibo, China is 337 million, which is equivalent to one in every three users in Weibo who forwarded this content.

　　journalist: How is this data defined?

　　Cao Yongshou, president of a data company in BeijingThat is, it was not painted by a real person, but by a machine (using software) manually.

　　According to Mr. Cao’s prompt, the reporter entered the name of Sina Weibo on an e-commerce platform, and the system gave priority to a large number of business options to help users increase fans or increase data. These so-called merchants recommended packages with different needs to reporters. Basically, for 10 yuan, you can buy 400 fans, or you can forward them to Weibo for 100 times. Can also be based on demand, to achieve the degree of fan activity and regional authenticity of the special customization.

　　In order to convince reporters that the data revision is true and effective, the seller claims that many artists and online celebrity have come to buy from them and have a long-term cooperative relationship with them. When the reporter tried to ask the specific artist’s name, the seller said it was inconvenient to disclose relevant information to the reporter.

　　The reporter also searched in the search engine with "traffic" as the key word, and found that 23 of the top 100 results were third-party software and platforms related to brushing traffic, providing brushing services covering almost all popular platforms. The reporter tried to download one of the softwares with the functions of "creating fans" and "creating forwarding", and filled a Weibo account that had not been updated recently into the designated location, and paid 11.92 yuan for enough points by scanning the code, and entered the target values of 500 fans and 300 forwarding times respectively. After a few minutes of operation, I found that followers with the same name were constantly pouring into the account. Similarly, a Weibo published a few days ago will be immediately forwarded by unknown users. The operation results can achieve data tampering according to the number of users’ wishes.

　　In the chat group of WeChat and Weibo, the reporter also found a lot of information about openly recruiting so-called likes. The reporter applied to join one of the chat groups as a candidate, and the administrator named "cash cow for receiving teachers" simply asked the reporter’s age and available time, and sent a job request to the reporter — — Add attention and praise to the designated customer’s Tik Tok account, and you can get a reward ranging from 1-3 yuan if you complete it. There is no upper limit on the workload per day, and wages can also be settled on the same day.

　　Cao Yongshou, president of a data company in BeijingThe water army has several characteristics. One is that you will find that the contents made by the water army are almost the same. The second is that many naval forces are online in the early hours of the morning. Do you think this is normal? If there are 10,000 fans, each person has registered 10 white numbers, and each white number sends 100 messages or messages every day, that is 100,000 times 100, and one thousand (ten thousand) can be reached in one day. In fact, it is only 10,000 people.

　　"Fans" irrational idolize boosts the proliferation of fake data

　　When data fraud becomes easy, it is inevitable to be abused. Fans who are keen on talent shows and crazy about idolize have hired the Water Army to brush the list of idols they support, and artists’ agencies and some new media platforms have also taken a fancy to the business opportunities, adding fuel to the fire behind them.

　　In order to concentrate on supporting common idols, the Star Weibo Data Station, which was set up spontaneously by fans or arranged by brokerage companies, came into being. According to Xiao Yu, a student who once participated in the list-making at the data station, personal forwarding artist Weibo can only be regarded as a daily check-in task. It has long been a common practice among fans to spend money on data for rapid increment.

　　In order to save manpower and time, fans will also share mobile phone applications that provide automatic list brushing function, enter their homepage and choose their favorite stars. No matter the date of list playing or the copy, all fans need to do is pay.

　　Breaking the myth of traffic and attracting people with works

　　For the inflated data, experts say that data fraud not only damages the basic principle of honesty between people, but also makes the performing arts market fall into a vicious circle of not paying attention to quality but only traffic.

　　Internet expert Wu Chunyong: Traffic fraud basically violates the principle of honesty. Its essence is actually to pursue the maximization of its own interests. Take different ways to brush according to the so-called demand. Such an unhealthy industrial chain and ecological chain gradually formed.

　　When data fraud becomes an industry, everyone involved in it contributes to the continuous spread of fraud more or less because of their own profits.

Professor Zhou Xing, School of Art and Media, Beijing Normal University

　　Professor Zhou Xing, School of Art and Media, Beijing Normal UniversityThe eyeball economy is a phenomenon that is hard to avoid in this era. When we communicate with stars or brokers in the industry, they certainly have a reasonable reason. When the star traffic is large, his exposure rate will be more concerned by advertisers. It is inevitable that fans will be encouraged to create traffic in clusters. But there is also a very important problem that media organizations also need interests, and when they find it easier to appeal to this emotion, they will attract attention. Creating traffic stars must be the result of the joint efforts of the three.

　　In this regard, experts called for, on the one hand, in addition to the market and relevant departments to increase supervision, fan groups, performing arts markets and platforms all need to reflect. If we only pursue immediate interests and give up creating truly valuable and quality works of art, the so-called traffic data will be nothing more than a passing cloud.

　　Professor Zhou Xing, School of Art and Media, Beijing Normal UniversityBecause it is fleeting, network communication will soon be out of sight. Young people grow up, and soon there will be new hot spots (appearing). Of course, there must be policies to curb these manufacturing institutions. Besides, it is necessary to have a positive tool of propaganda and public opinion to pay attention to the good things that are truly exemplary people, the backbone of our society, and firmly promote the development of our social economy and culture, and let young people accept them and make them become a model that is really not short-term but long-term. I think this is the important thing.

On the morning of April 8th, at the invitation of Anhui Foreign Experts Bureau and our school, Professor Edvard I. Moser, winner of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, visited our school, accompanied by Pan Yaqun, member of the Party Group of Anhui Human Resources and Social Security Department and director of Anhui Foreign Experts Bureau. Vice President Chen Chusheng met with the guests. Xu Geliang, Dean of the First Affiliated Hospital of our school and Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee, and Professor Shen Yong from the College of Life Sciences attended the meeting.

　

Chen Chusheng first welcomed Professor Edvard I. Moser’s visit and introduced the general situation of the school. Subsequently, the two sides discussed the construction of the school’s life science and medicine department and related issues of brain research.　

　

　

After the talks, Professor Edvard I. Moser gave a report entitled The brain′s navigation system in the multimedia classroom of the third teaching building in the West District. The report was presided over by Professor Shen Yong, and Director Pan Yaqun made a speech before the meeting.　

　

　

Professor Edvard I. Moser vividly demonstrated the importance of the spatial positioning system of the brain to human life in ancient times through animation. Because the composition of the human brain is very complex, and mammals such as mice, rats and squirrel monkeys may have a common ancestor with humans in evolutionary history, and their brain structures are very similar, neuroscientists turned to the simpler mouse or rat brain for research. Then Professor Edvard I. Moser introduced the development history of the research on human brain location system, from the concept of cognitive map was put forward around 1930 to the discovery of location cells in hippocampus by Professor John O′Keefe around 1970. In 2005, Professor Edvard I. Moser’s team discovered another kind of grid cell for localization in the area of the entorhinal cortex near the hippocampus of the brain.　

　

　

Professor Edvard I. Moser emphasized that the localization mechanism of hippocampus and olfactory cortex is completely different. The grid cells in the olfactory cortex can form a consistent and universal map when the environment changes, while the map composed of the position cells in the hippocampus has undergone earth-shaking changes with the environment changes. Therefore, the brain location system has two parts: the accurate location map of grid cells (low-dimensional) and the diversified map of location cells (high-dimensional). From the perspective of evolution, integrating the information of two sets of maps to navigate seems to be an efficient solution for animal navigation system. The distance and direction measured by the grid formed in the medial olfactory cortex will not change as it moves from one compartment to another. On the contrary, the location cells in the hippocampus form an independent map for each individual compartment, which makes it possible to store all kinds of memories. In the entorhinal cortex, in addition to the grid cells, Professor Edvard I. Moser and his colleagues also found the head direction cells, boundary cells and velocity cells, which all serve the system of mapping the world where mammals live. Through a series of experiments and data, Professor Edvard I. Moser showed that there are cells in the medial entorhinal cortex that can sense their own direction and distance from external markers, and discussed the mechanism of the lateral entorhinal cortex to perceive time, and suggested that there may be time cells besides grid cells and position cells.　

　

Finally, Professor Edvard I. Moser pointed out that these studies are helpful for human beings to treat and understand Alzheimer’s disease, and the entorhinal cortex is one of the earliest brain regions in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. This disease causes degeneration of brain cells in the inner olfactory cortex, which eventually leads to cell death, which is consistent with the early symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease-disorientation of space and memory loss. With the increase of life expectancy, the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease is getting higher and higher. Professor Edvard I. Moser called for the joint efforts of related workers all over the world (from basic research to clinic) to cure and study the disease.

　

　

Professor Edvard I. Moser’s report gave us a deep understanding of the study of brain localization system. After the speech, the teachers and students present enthusiastically asked questions and exchanged ideas with Professor Edvard I. Moser.

　

During the visit, Professor Edvard I. Moser and his party visited the Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center and Brain Resource Bank (Brain Aging and Brain Diseases Research Center) of the School of Life Sciences of the University of Science and Technology of China with Professor Shen Yong, and offered their best wishes for the 60th anniversary of our school.　

　

　Edvard I. Moser, born in Norway in 1962, is now a Norwegian psychologist and neuroscientist, and the founding director of the Kafliko Institute of Systems Neuroscience and the Center for Memory Biology of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Mosor and his wife, Mai Britt Mosor, have led a series of cutting-edge research on brain mechanism in the past decades. In 2013, Edward Mosor won the Huo Weici Prize. In 2014, Edvard I. Moser, John O‘Keefe and May-Britt Moser won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.　

　

(Ministry of International Cooperation and Exchange)

(Adopted at the 11th meeting of the 13th the NPC Standing Committee on June 29th, 2019)

Catalogue

　　Chapter I General Principles

　　Chapter II Vaccine Development and Registration

　　Chapter III Vaccine Production and Batch Issuance

　　Chapter IV Vaccine Circulation

　　Chapter V Vaccination

　　Chapter VI Monitoring and Handling of Abnormal Reaction

　　Chapter VII Post-marketing Management of Vaccines

　　Chapter VIII Safeguard Measures

　　Chapter IX Supervision and Administration

　　Chapter X Legal Liability

　　Chapter XI Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I General Principles

　　Article 1 This Law is formulated in order to strengthen vaccine management, ensure vaccine quality and supply, standardize vaccination, promote the development of vaccine industry, safeguard public health and safeguard public health safety.

　　Article 2 This Law shall apply to the development, production, circulation, vaccination and supervision and management of vaccines in People’s Republic of China (PRC). Where there are no provisions in this Law, the provisions of laws and administrative regulations such as the Drug Administration Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases shall apply.

　　The term "vaccine" as mentioned in this Law refers to preventive biological products used for human immunization in order to prevent and control the occurrence and epidemic of diseases, including immunization planned vaccines and non-immunization planned vaccines.

　　Article 3 The state implements the strictest management system for vaccines, and adheres to safety first, risk management, whole-process control, scientific supervision and social co-governance.

　　Article 4 The State adheres to the strategic and public welfare nature of vaccine products.

　　The state supports basic and applied research on vaccines, promotes vaccine research and innovation, and incorporates vaccine research, production and storage for preventing and controlling major diseases into the national strategy.

　　The state formulates development plans and industrial policies for the vaccine industry, supports the development and structural optimization of the vaccine industry, encourages large-scale and intensive vaccine production, and continuously improves the vaccine production technology and quality level.

　　Article 5 The holder of a vaccine marketing license shall strengthen the quality management of the vaccine throughout its life cycle and be responsible for the safety, effectiveness and quality controllability of the vaccine.

　　Units and individuals engaged in vaccine development, production, circulation and vaccination activities shall abide by laws, regulations, rules, standards and norms, ensure that the information in the whole process is true, accurate, complete and traceable, assume responsibilities according to law and accept social supervision.

　　Article 6 The State implements an immunization planning system.

　　Residents living in China have the right to vaccinate the EPI according to law and fulfill the obligation to vaccinate the EPI. The government provides free immunization program vaccines to residents.

　　The people’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall ensure that school-age children are vaccinated with immunization programs. The guardian shall ensure that school-age children are vaccinated with EPI vaccine on time according to law.

　　Article 7 The people’s governments at or above the county level shall incorporate vaccine safety and vaccination into the national economic and social development plan at the corresponding level, strengthen the capacity building of vaccine supervision and management, and establish and improve the working mechanism of vaccine supervision and management.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the supervision and administration of vaccines in their respective administrative areas, and uniformly lead, organize and coordinate the supervision and administration of vaccines in their respective administrative areas.

　　Article 8 The drug supervision and administration department of the State Council is responsible for the supervision and administration of vaccines throughout the country. The competent department of health in the State Council is responsible for the supervision and management of national vaccination. Other relevant departments in the State Council are responsible for the supervision and management related to vaccines within their respective responsibilities.

　　The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be responsible for the supervision and administration of vaccines in their respective administrative areas. The departments responsible for drug supervision and administration of the people’s governments at the municipal and county levels with districts (hereinafter referred to as the drug supervision and administration departments) shall be responsible for the supervision and administration of vaccines in their respective administrative areas. The competent health department of the local people’s government at or above the county level shall be responsible for the supervision and administration of vaccination in this administrative region. Other relevant departments of the local people’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the supervision and administration of vaccines within their respective functions and duties.

　　Article 9 the State Council and the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall establish departmental coordination mechanisms to coordinate the work related to vaccine supervision and management, regularly analyze the vaccine safety situation, strengthen vaccine supervision and management, and ensure vaccine supply.

　　Article 10 The State implements the whole-course electronic traceability system for vaccines.

　　The drug supervision and administration department of the State Council shall, jointly with the health authorities of the State Council, formulate unified standards and norms for vaccine traceability, establish a national collaborative platform for vaccine electronic traceability, and integrate the traceability information of the whole process of vaccine production, circulation and vaccination to realize vaccine traceability.

　　The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall establish a vaccine electronic traceability system, which is connected with the national vaccine electronic traceability collaborative platform, so as to realize the traceability and verifiability of the vaccine in the smallest packaging unit in the whole process of production, circulation and vaccination.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units shall truthfully record vaccine circulation and vaccination according to law, and provide traceability information to the national vaccine electronic traceability collaborative platform in accordance with regulations.

　　Article 11 In the process of vaccine development, production and inspection, we should establish and improve the biosafety management system, strictly control biosafety risks, strengthen biosafety management of pathogenic microorganisms such as bacterial strains, protect the health of operators and the public, and ensure that the use of pathogenic microorganisms such as bacterial strains is legal and legitimate.

　　The history, biological characteristics and generations of bacterial strains and cell strains used in vaccine development, production and inspection shall be clearly defined, and detailed files shall be established to ensure that the sources are legal, clear and traceable; Where the source is unknown, it shall not be used.

　　Article 12 People’s governments at all levels and their relevant departments, disease prevention and control institutions, vaccination units, vaccine marketing license holders and vaccine industry associations shall regularly carry out publicity, education and popularization of vaccine safety laws, regulations and vaccination knowledge through activities such as National Children’s Vaccination Day.

　　The news media should carry out public welfare publicity on vaccine safety laws, regulations and vaccination knowledge, and supervise vaccine violations by public opinion. Publicity and reporting on vaccines should be comprehensive, scientific, objective and fair.

　　Thirteenth vaccine industry associations should strengthen industry self-discipline, establish and improve industry norms, promote the construction of industry credit system, guide and urge members to carry out production and operation activities according to law.

Chapter II Vaccine Development and Registration

　　Article 14 The state shall, according to the epidemic situation of diseases, the immune status of the population and other factors, formulate relevant research and development plans, arrange necessary funds, and support the research and development of new vaccines such as multiple vaccines and multiple vaccines.

　　The state organizes vaccine marketing license holders, scientific research institutions and medical and health institutions to jointly tackle key problems and develop vaccines urgently needed for disease prevention and control.

　　Article 15 The State encourages vaccine marketing license holders to increase investment in research and innovation, optimize production technology, improve quality control level and promote vaccine technology progress.

　　Sixteenth to carry out clinical trials of vaccines shall be approved by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council according to law.

　　Clinical trials of vaccines shall be carried out or organized by tertiary medical institutions or disease prevention and control institutions at or above the provincial level that meet the requirements set by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council and the health authorities of the State Council.

　　The state encourages qualified medical institutions and disease prevention and control institutions to carry out clinical trials of vaccines according to law.

　　Article 17 An applicant for a vaccine clinical trial shall formulate a clinical trial plan, establish a clinical trial safety monitoring and evaluation system, carefully select the subjects, reasonably set the subjects’ groups and age groups, and take effective measures according to the degree of risk to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the subjects.

　　Eighteenth to carry out clinical trials of vaccines, the written informed consent of the subjects shall be obtained; If the subject is a person without civil capacity, he shall obtain the written informed consent of his guardian; If the subject is a person with limited capacity for civil conduct, he shall obtain the written informed consent of himself and his guardian.

　　Nineteenth vaccines listed in China shall be approved by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council and obtain the drug registration certificate; To apply for vaccine registration, true, sufficient and reliable data, materials and samples shall be provided.

　　The State Council pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department shall give priority to the review and approval of vaccines and innovative vaccines urgently needed for disease prevention and control.

　　Twentieth to deal with major public health emergencies in urgent need of vaccines or other vaccines identified by the health authorities in the State Council, the benefits outweigh the risks, the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council can conditionally approve the application for vaccine registration.

　　In case of particularly serious public health emergencies or other emergencies that seriously threaten public health, the health authorities in the State Council put forward suggestions for emergency use of vaccines according to the needs of prevention and control of infectious diseases, which can be used urgently within a certain scope and time limit with the consent of the drug supervision and administration department in the State Council.

　　Twenty-first the State Council pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments shall, when approving the application for vaccine registration, approve the production technology, quality control standards, instructions and labels of the vaccine.

　　The drug supervision and administration department of the State Council shall timely publish the contents of vaccine instructions and labels on its website.

Chapter III Vaccine Production and Batch Issuance

　　Article 22 The State implements a strict access system for vaccine production.

　　To engage in vaccine production activities, it shall be approved by the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level and obtain a pharmaceutical production license.

　　To engage in vaccine production activities, in addition to meeting the requirements of drug production activities stipulated in the Drug Administration Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the following conditions shall also be met:

　　(1) Having a moderate scale and sufficient production capacity reserve;

　　(2) Having systems, facilities and equipment to ensure biological safety;

　　(3) meeting the needs of disease prevention and control.

　　The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall have the vaccine production capacity; If it is really necessary to entrust production beyond the vaccine production capacity, it shall be approved by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council. Those who accept commissioned production shall abide by the provisions of this law and the relevant provisions of the state to ensure the quality of vaccines.

　　Article 23 The legal representative and principal responsible person of the vaccine marketing license holder shall have a good credit record, and the personnel in key positions such as the person in charge of production management, the person in charge of quality management and the person authorized by quality shall have relevant professional background and working experience.

　　The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall strengthen the training and assessment of the personnel specified in the preceding paragraph, and report their positions and changes to the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in a timely manner.

　　Article 24 Vaccines shall be produced and inspected according to the approved production technology and quality control standards, and the whole production process shall meet the requirements of good manufacturing practice.

　　The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall, in accordance with the provisions, review and inspect the whole process of vaccine production and vaccine quality.

　　Article 25 The holder of vaccine marketing license shall establish a complete production quality management system, continuously strengthen deviation management, and truthfully record all data formed in the production and inspection process by means of information technology to ensure that the whole production process continues to meet the statutory requirements.

　　Article 26 The State implements the system of batch issuance of vaccines.

　　Before each batch of vaccine is sold or imported, it shall be audited and tested by the batch issuing agency designated by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council in accordance with the relevant technical requirements. If it meets the requirements, a batch issuance certificate will be issued; Do not meet the requirements, issued a notice of disapproval.

　　Vaccines that are not issued in batches shall not be sold, and shall be destroyed under the supervision of the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government; The imported vaccines that are not issued in batches shall be destroyed under the supervision of the drug supervision and administration department at the port location or otherwise handled according to law.

　　The State Council pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments and batch issuing institutions shall publish the batch issuing results of listed vaccines in time for public inquiry.

　　Article 27 To apply for batch issuance of vaccines, the batch issuing institution shall be provided with the batch production and inspection records, abstracts and other materials, and samples of products with the same batch number. Imported vaccines shall also provide certificates of origin and batch issuance; In case of exemption from batch issuance in the country of origin, a certificate of exemption from batch issuance shall be provided.

　　Twenty-eighth to prevent and control the epidemic situation of infectious diseases or to deal with emergencies, the vaccine is approved by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council, and is exempted from batch issuance.

　　Twenty-ninth batches of vaccines should be issued batch by batch for data review and sampling inspection. The inspection items and inspection frequency of vaccine batch issuance shall be dynamically adjusted according to the risk assessment of vaccine quality.

　　If there are doubts about the authenticity of the application materials or samples for vaccine batch issuance, or there are other situations that need further verification, the batch issuing institution shall verify them, and if necessary, organize on-site verification by means of on-site sampling inspection.

　　Thirtieth batch issuing institutions found that there are significant quality risks in the process of batch issuance of vaccines, it shall promptly report to the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the State Council and the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government.

　　The department that receives the report shall immediately conduct on-site inspection on the vaccine marketing license holder, notify the batch issuing institution not to approve or suspend the batch issuance of the relevant products or all products of the vaccine marketing license holder according to the inspection results, and order the vaccine marketing license holder to rectify. The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall immediately rectify and report the rectification to the department that ordered it to rectify in time.

　　Article 31 The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall truthfully record the production process deviation, quality difference, faults and accidents in the production process and the measures taken, and specify them in the documents issued by the corresponding batch of products; If the quality of the vaccine may be affected, the holder of the vaccine marketing license shall take immediate measures and report to the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

Chapter IV Vaccine Circulation

　　Article 32 The national immunization program vaccine shall be subject to centralized bidding or unified negotiation by the competent health department of the State Council in conjunction with the financial department of the State Council, and the winning bid price or transaction price shall be formed and announced, and all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall implement unified procurement.

　　Other EPI vaccines and non-EPI vaccines other than the national EPI vaccines are purchased by provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government through provincial public resource trading platforms.

　　Article 33 The price of vaccine shall be set by the holder of vaccine marketing license independently and reasonably according to law. The price level, price difference rate and profit rate of vaccines should be kept within a reasonable range.

　　Article 34 Provincial institutions for disease prevention and control shall, according to the national immunization program and the needs of disease prevention and control in their respective administrative areas, formulate plans for vaccine use in immunization programs in their respective administrative areas, and report to the departments that organize vaccine procurement in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, and at the same time report to the health authorities of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government for the record.

　　Thirty-fifth vaccine marketing license holders should supply vaccines to disease prevention and control institutions in accordance with the procurement contract.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions shall supply vaccines to vaccination units in accordance with regulations.

　　Units and individuals other than disease prevention and control institutions shall not supply vaccines to vaccination units, and vaccination units shall not receive the vaccines.

　　Article 36 The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall distribute the vaccine to the disease prevention and control institution or the inoculation unit designated by the disease prevention and control institution in accordance with the purchase contract.

　　Vaccine marketing license holders and disease prevention and control institutions shall have the conditions for cold chain storage and transportation of vaccines, and may also entrust qualified vaccine distribution units to distribute vaccines.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions can charge storage and transportation fees for the distribution of non-immunization-planned vaccines. The specific measures shall be formulated by the financial department of the State Council in conjunction with the competent price department of the State Council, and the charging standards shall be formulated by the competent price department of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in conjunction with the financial department.

　　Thirty-seventh disease prevention and control institutions, vaccination units, vaccine marketing license holders and vaccine distribution units shall abide by the management norms of vaccine storage and transportation to ensure the quality of vaccines.

　　Vaccines should be in the specified temperature environment during the whole process of storage and transportation, and the cold chain storage and transportation should meet the requirements, and the temperature should be monitored and recorded regularly.

　　The management standards for vaccine storage and transportation are jointly formulated by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council and the health department of the State Council.

　　Article 38 When selling vaccines, the holder of the vaccine marketing license shall provide a copy of the batch issuance certificate or an electronic document stamped with his seal; Sales of imported vaccines, should also provide a copy of the customs clearance form for imported drugs or electronic documents stamped with its seal.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units shall, when receiving or purchasing vaccines, obtain the supporting documents specified in the preceding paragraph and keep them for future reference for not less than five years after the expiration of the vaccine.

　　Article 39 The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall, in accordance with the regulations, establish a true, accurate and complete sales record and keep it for future reference for not less than five years after the expiration of the vaccine.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions, vaccination units and vaccine distribution units shall, in accordance with regulations, establish true, accurate and complete records of receipt, purchase, storage, distribution and supply, and keep them for future reference for not less than five years after the expiration of the vaccine.

　　When the disease prevention and control institutions and inoculation units receive or purchase vaccines, they shall obtain the temperature monitoring records of the whole process of transportation and storage, and keep them for future reference for not less than five years after the expiration of the vaccine; If the temperature monitoring records of the whole transportation and storage process cannot be provided or the temperature control does not meet the requirements, it shall not be accepted or purchased, and it shall immediately report to the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department and the health department of the local people’s government at or above the county level.

　　Article 40 Disease prevention and control institutions and inoculation entities shall establish a system of regular inspection of vaccines, and take measures such as isolated storage and setting warning signs for vaccines with unrecognizable packaging, unqualified storage temperature, and expiration date, and dispose of them in accordance with the provisions of the State Council drug supervision and administration department, health department and ecological environment department. Disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units shall truthfully record the disposal situation, and the disposal records shall be kept for future reference for not less than five years after the expiration of the vaccine.

Chapter V Vaccination

　　Forty-first the State Council health authorities to develop a national immunization program; The types of vaccines under the National Immunization Program shall be drawn up by the competent health department of the State Council in conjunction with the financial department of the State Council, and published after being approved by the State Council.

　　The competent department of health in the State Council established the national immunization program expert advisory committee, and established the dynamic adjustment mechanism of vaccine types in the national immunization program together with the financial department of the State Council.

　　The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, when implementing the national immunization program, increase the types of vaccines for immunization programs according to the needs of disease prevention and control in their respective administrative areas, and report them to the health authorities in the State Council for the record and publication.

　　Forty-second the State Council health authorities should formulate and publish vaccination work norms, and strengthen the standardized management of vaccination.

　　The competent department of health in the State Council shall formulate and publish the immunization procedures of the national immunization program vaccine and the guiding principles for the use of the non-immunization program vaccine.

　　The competent health authorities of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall formulate vaccination plans in light of the actual conditions of their respective administrative regions and report them to the competent health authorities of the State Council for the record.

　　Forty-third disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall, according to their respective responsibilities, carry out publicity, training, technical guidance, monitoring, evaluation, epidemiological investigation and emergency response related to vaccination.

　　Article 44 An inoculation entity shall meet the following conditions:

　　(1) Obtaining the practice license of a medical institution;

　　(2) Having doctors, nurses or rural doctors who have received professional vaccination training organized by the health authorities of the people’s government at the county level and passed the examination;

　　(3) Having cold storage facilities, equipment and a cold storage system that meet the management standards for vaccine storage and transportation.

　　The competent health department of the local people’s government at or above the county level shall designate qualified medical institutions to undertake the immunization program vaccination work in the responsible area. Eligible medical institutions can undertake non-immunization vaccination work, and shall report to the competent health department that issued the practice license of their medical institutions for the record.

　　Vaccination units should strengthen internal management, and carry out vaccination work should abide by vaccination work norms, immunization procedures, vaccine use guidelines and vaccination programs.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall strengthen the technical guidance on vaccination work of vaccination units and the management of vaccine use.

　　Article 45 When carrying out vaccination, medical and health personnel shall inform the recipients or their guardians of the varieties, functions, contraindications, adverse reactions, on-site observation and other matters needing attention, inquire about the health status of the recipients and whether there are any contraindications to vaccination, and record the information truthfully. The recipient or his guardian shall truthfully provide the health status and vaccination contraindications of the recipient. If vaccination is forbidden, medical and health personnel shall give medical advice to the recipient or his guardian, and truthfully record the medical advice.

　　Before vaccination, medical and health personnel should check the health status of the recipients, check the vaccination contraindications, check the vaccination certificate, check the appearance, batch number and expiration date of the vaccine and syringe, check the name and age of the recipients and the name, specification, dosage, vaccination site and vaccination route of the vaccine, and ensure that the recipients, vaccination certificate and vaccine information are consistent before vaccination can be implemented.

　　Medical and health personnel shall vaccinate the recipients who meet the vaccination conditions. In case of adverse reactions of the seed recipients during the on-site observation, medical and health personnel shall take timely treatment and other measures in accordance with the requirements of vaccination work norms.

　　Article 46 Medical and health personnel shall truthfully, accurately and completely record the vaccination information such as the vaccine variety, the identification information of the marketing license holder, the smallest packaging unit, the expiration date, the vaccination time, the medical and health personnel who carried out the vaccination, the recipients, etc. in accordance with the regulations of the health authorities in the State Council, so as to ensure that the vaccination information can be traced and inquired. Vaccination records shall be kept for no less than five years after the expiration of the vaccine.

　　Article 47 The state practices a vaccination certificate system for children. Within one month after a child is born, his guardian shall apply for a vaccination certificate at the vaccination unit or the birth hospital where the child lives. The vaccination unit or the hospital of birth shall not refuse to handle it. The guardian shall properly keep the vaccination certificate.

　　Vaccination shall be administered by the place of residence. During the period when children leave their original place of residence, the vaccination unit undertaking vaccination at the current place of residence shall be responsible for vaccination.

　　The format of vaccination certificate shall be stipulated by the competent health department of the State Council.

　　Article 48 When children enter kindergartens and schools, nursery institutions and schools should check their vaccination certificates. If they find that they have not been vaccinated in accordance with the regulations, they should report to the vaccination unit where the children live or where the nursery institutions and schools are located, and cooperate with the vaccination unit to urge their guardians to replant in accordance with the regulations. Disease prevention and control institutions shall provide technical guidance for kindergartens and schools to check vaccination certificates.

　　Measures for the inspection of children’s nursery and school vaccination certificates shall be formulated by the competent department of health of the State Council in conjunction with the administrative department of education of the State Council.

　　Forty-ninth vaccination units shall not charge any fees for vaccination.

　　Inoculation units can charge vaccination service fees in addition to vaccine fees for non-immunization programs. The charging standards for vaccination service fees shall be formulated by the competent price departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in conjunction with the financial departments.

　　Article 50 The competent health department of the local people’s government at or above the county level may, according to the information of infectious disease monitoring and early warning, report to the people’s government at the corresponding level for decision and report to the competent health department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level for the record, and carry out mass vaccination in the administrative area.

　　If it is necessary to carry out mass vaccination nationwide or across provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, it shall be decided by the health authorities in the State Council.

　　The local people’s government at or above the county level or the competent department of health in the State Council, which has made the decision on mass vaccination, shall organize the relevant departments to do a good job in personnel training, publicity and education, and material mobilization.

　　No unit or individual may carry out mass vaccination without authorization.

　　Article 51 If the local people’s governments at or above the county level or their health authorities need to take emergency vaccination measures during the outbreak and epidemic of infectious diseases, it shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations.

Chapter VI Monitoring and Handling of Abnormal Reaction

　　Article 52 The term "abnormal reaction to vaccination" refers to the adverse drug reaction that a qualified vaccine causes damage to the tissues, organs and functions of the recipient during or after the implementation of standardized vaccination, and all parties concerned are not at fault.

　　The following situations do not belong to the abnormal reaction of vaccination:

　　(a) the general reaction after vaccination caused by the characteristics of the vaccine itself;

　　(2) Damage caused to the recipients due to vaccine quality problems;

　　(three) the damage caused to the recipients by the vaccination unit’s violation of the vaccination work norms, immunization procedures, guiding principles for vaccine use, and vaccination programs;

　　(four) the recipient is in the incubation period or precursor period of a disease at the time of inoculation, and the disease is coupled after inoculation;

　　(5) The recipient has vaccination contraindications specified in the vaccine instructions, and the recipient or his guardian failed to truthfully provide the health status and vaccination contraindications of the recipient before vaccination, and the original disease of the recipient has an acute recurrence or aggravation after vaccination;

　　(6) Psychogenic reactions of individuals or groups due to psychological factors.

　　Article 53 The State shall strengthen the monitoring of abnormal reactions to vaccination. The monitoring plan for abnormal reaction of vaccination shall be formulated by the competent health department of the State Council in conjunction with the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council.

　　Fifty-fourth vaccination units, medical institutions and other suspected abnormal reactions to vaccination shall report to the disease prevention and control institutions in accordance with regulations.

　　The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall set up a special institution with full-time staff to actively collect, track and analyze the suspected abnormal vaccination reactions, take timely risk control measures, report the suspected abnormal vaccination reactions to the disease prevention and control institutions, and submit the quality analysis report to the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

　　Article 55 In case of suspected abnormal reaction to vaccination, the disease prevention and control institutions shall report it in time according to the regulations, organize investigation and diagnosis, and inform the recipients or their guardians of the conclusions of the investigation and diagnosis. If the conclusion of the investigation and diagnosis is controversial, you can apply for appraisal according to the appraisal method formulated by the competent department of health in the State Council.

　　Due to vaccination, the recipient dies, is severely disabled, or has a significant impact on the society, such as group suspected vaccination abnormal reaction. The competent health department and drug supervision and administration department of the people’s government at or above the municipal level with districts shall, according to their respective functions and duties, organize investigation and handling.

　　Article 56 The state practices a compensation system for abnormal reactions to vaccination. In the process of vaccination or after vaccination, the recipient’s death, serious disability, organ and tissue damage and other damages are abnormal reactions to vaccination or cannot be ruled out, and compensation should be given. The scope of compensation shall be managed by catalogue and dynamically adjusted according to the actual situation.

　　The compensation expenses required for immunization planning vaccine shall be arranged by the financial departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in the vaccination funds; The compensation expenses required for vaccination of non-EPI vaccines shall be borne by the holders of relevant vaccine marketing licenses. The state encourages people who have received abnormal vaccination to be compensated through commercial insurance and other forms.

　　Compensation for abnormal reaction of vaccination should be timely, convenient and reasonable. The scope, standards and procedures of compensation for abnormal reaction of vaccination shall be stipulated by the State Council, and the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall formulate specific implementation measures.

Chapter VII Post-marketing Management of Vaccines

　　Article 57 The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall establish and improve the quality management system of the whole life cycle of the vaccine, formulate and implement the post-marketing risk management plan of the vaccine, conduct post-marketing research of the vaccine, and further confirm the safety, effectiveness and quality controllability of the vaccine.

　　For vaccines that require further research when approving the application for vaccine registration, the vaccine marketing license holder shall complete the research within the prescribed time limit; If the research is not completed within the time limit or it cannot be proved that the benefits outweigh the risks, the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council shall handle it according to law until the drug registration certificate of the vaccine is cancelled.

　　Fifty-eighth vaccine marketing license holders should carry out quality tracking analysis of vaccines, continuously improve quality control standards, improve production processes, and improve the stability of production processes.

　　If the production process, production site and key equipment are changed, it shall be evaluated and verified, and filed or reported in accordance with the provisions of the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council on change management; Changes that may affect the safety, effectiveness and quality controllability of vaccines shall be approved by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council.

　　Article 59 The holder of a vaccine marketing license shall continuously update the instructions and labels according to the post-marketing research and abnormal reaction of vaccination, and apply for approval or filing in accordance with regulations.

　　The State Council drug supervision and administration department shall publish the updated vaccine instructions and labels on its website in time.

　　Article 60 The holder of a vaccine marketing license shall establish a system of retrospective analysis and risk reporting of vaccine quality, and truthfully report the production and circulation of vaccine, post-marketing research and risk management to the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council every year according to regulations.

　　Article 61 The drug supervision and administration department of the State Council may, according to the actual situation, order the holder of vaccine marketing license to carry out post-marketing evaluation or directly organize post-marketing evaluation.

　　The drug supervision and administration department of the State Council shall cancel the drug registration certificate of the vaccine that has a serious abnormal reaction to vaccination or is harmful to human health for other reasons.

　　Article 62 The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the State Council may, according to the needs of disease prevention and control and the development of vaccine industry, organize post-marketing evaluation of vaccine varieties. If it is found that the product design, production process, safety, effectiveness or quality controllability of this vaccine variety are obviously inferior to other vaccine varieties for preventing and controlling the same disease, it shall cancel the drug registration certificates of all vaccines of this variety and abolish the corresponding national drug standards.

Chapter VIII Safeguard Measures

　　Sixty-third people’s governments at or above the county level shall include the funds needed for vaccine safety, purchase of planned vaccines for immunization, vaccination and information construction in the government budget at the corresponding level to ensure the implementation of the immunization planning system.

　　The people’s government at the county level shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, grant subsidies to rural doctors and other primary medical and health personnel engaged in vaccination work.

　　The state supports vaccination work in economically underdeveloped areas according to needs. The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and the people’s governments at the municipal level divided into districts shall give necessary financial subsidies to the people’s governments at the county level in economically underdeveloped areas to carry out the work related to vaccination.

　　Article 64 The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall, according to the epidemic trend of infectious diseases in their respective administrative areas, determine the projects related to vaccination within the scope of infectious disease prevention and control projects determined by the health authorities in the State Council, and ensure the implementation of the projects.

　　Article 65 The competent health authorities of the State Council shall provide the vaccine marketing license holders with information on the vaccine demand of the national immunization program according to the vaccine use plans of the national immunization programs of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and the vaccine marketing license holders shall make reasonable arrangements for production according to the vaccine demand information.

　　When there is a risk of vaccine supply shortage, the health authorities in the State Council and the drug supervision and administration departments in the State Council put forward suggestions, and the departments in charge of industry and information technology in the State Council and the finance department in the State Council should take effective measures to ensure vaccine production and supply.

　　The holder of vaccine marketing license shall organize production according to law to ensure vaccine supply; If the holder of the vaccine marketing license stops vaccine production, it shall report to the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council or the drug supervision and administration department of the people’s government of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government in time.

　　Article 66 The State shall include vaccines in the strategic material reserve, and implement the reserve at the central and provincial levels.

　　The competent department of industry and information technology in the State Council and the financial department shall, jointly with the health authorities, public security departments, market supervision and management departments and drug supervision and management departments in the State Council, strengthen the production capacity and product management of vaccine reserves and establish a dynamic adjustment mechanism according to the needs of disease prevention, control and public health emergency preparedness.

　　Sixty-seventh financial arrangements at all levels for vaccination funds should be earmarked, and no unit or individual may misappropriate or occupy them.

　　The relevant units and individuals shall accept the audit supervision of audit institutions in accordance with the law when using the funds for vaccination.

　　Article 68 The State implements a compulsory vaccine liability insurance system.

　　The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall take out compulsory vaccine liability insurance in accordance with the regulations. If the vaccine quality problem causes damage to the recipient, the insurance company shall pay compensation within the insured liability limit.

　　The specific measures for the implementation of the compulsory vaccine liability insurance system shall be formulated by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council in conjunction with the health authorities of the State Council and the insurance supervision and administration institutions.

　　Article 69 When an infectious disease breaks out and is prevalent, the holder of the relevant vaccine marketing license shall timely produce and supply vaccines for preventing and controlling infectious diseases. Transportation units should give priority to the transportation of vaccines for the prevention and control of infectious diseases. The people’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall do a good job in organization, coordination and guarantee.

Chapter IX Supervision and Administration

　　Article 70 The drug supervision and administration department and the competent health department shall, according to their respective functions and duties, supervise and manage the whole process of vaccine development, production, circulation and vaccination, and supervise the holders of vaccine marketing license, disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units to perform their obligations according to law.

　　The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments shall supervise and inspect the quality of vaccines in vaccine development, production, storage, transportation and vaccination according to law. Health authorities shall supervise and inspect the implementation of immunization planning system and vaccination activities according to law.

　　The drug supervision and administration department shall strengthen the on-site inspection of vaccine marketing license holders; When necessary, units and individuals that provide products or services for vaccine development, production, circulation and other activities may be subject to extended inspection; The relevant units and individuals shall cooperate and shall not refuse or conceal.

　　Article 71 The state builds a team of professional and specialized drug inspectors at the central and provincial levels, and strengthens the supervision and inspection of vaccines.

　　The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall send inspectors to the holders of vaccine marketing licenses. Inspectors are responsible for supervising and inspecting the implementation of good manufacturing practice, collecting clues about vaccine quality risks and violations of laws and regulations, reporting the situation to the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and making suggestions, and being responsible for the behavior during their stationing.

　　Article 72 If there are potential safety hazards in vaccine quality management, and the holder of vaccine marketing license fails to take timely measures to eliminate them, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department may take measures such as responsibility interview and rectification within a time limit.

　　Serious violation of drug-related quality management norms, the drug supervision and administration department shall order the suspension of vaccine production, sales and distribution, and immediately rectify; After the rectification is completed, production, sales and distribution can only be resumed if the drug supervision and administration department checks that it meets the requirements.

　　The drug supervision and administration department shall establish a credit record system for vaccine marketing license holders and their related personnel, incorporate it into the national credit information sharing platform, publicize their serious dishonesty information in accordance with the regulations, and implement joint punishment.

　　Article 73 If there are or are suspected to be quality problems with vaccines, the vaccine marketing license holders, disease prevention and control institutions and inoculation entities shall immediately stop selling, distributing and using, and stop production if necessary, and report to the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments and health authorities of the people’s governments at or above the county level in accordance with regulations. The competent health department shall immediately organize disease prevention and control institutions and inoculation units to take necessary emergency measures and report to the competent health department of the people’s government at a higher level. The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department shall take measures such as sealing up and detaining according to law. For vaccines that have been sold, the holder of the vaccine marketing license shall promptly notify the relevant disease prevention and control institutions, vaccine distribution units and inoculation units, recall them in accordance with regulations, and truthfully record the recall and notification, and the disease prevention and control institutions, vaccine distribution units and inoculation units shall cooperate.

　　If the production, sale, distribution, use or recall of vaccines are not stopped in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments and health authorities of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall, according to their respective functions and duties, order them to stop production, sale, distribution, use or recall of vaccines.

　　Vaccine marketing license holders, disease prevention and control institutions, and vaccination units shall not conceal, falsely report, delay reporting or omit reporting vaccines that have or are suspected to have quality problems, and shall not conceal, forge or destroy relevant evidence.

　　Article 74 The holder of a vaccine marketing license shall establish an information disclosure system, and timely disclose information such as vaccine product information, instructions and labels, implementation of relevant quality management standards for drugs, batch issuance, recall, acceptance of inspection and punishment, and compulsory insurance for vaccine liability on its website in accordance with regulations.

　　Article 75 The drug supervision and administration department of the State Council shall establish an information sharing mechanism on vaccine quality and vaccination together with the health authorities of the State Council.

　　The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments and health authorities of the people’s governments at or above the provincial level shall organize vaccine marketing license holders, disease prevention and control institutions, vaccination units, news media, scientific research units, etc. to exchange information on vaccine quality and vaccination in accordance with the principles of science, objectivity, timeliness and openness.

　　Article 76 The State implements a unified system for publishing vaccine safety information.

　　Vaccine safety risk warning information, major vaccine safety accidents and their investigation and handling information, and other vaccine safety information determined by the State Council that needs to be published uniformly shall be published by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council jointly with relevant departments. The national report on the abnormal reaction to vaccination shall be uniformly published by the competent health department of the State Council in conjunction with the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council. The above information shall not be released without authorization. The release of major vaccine safety information should be timely, accurate and comprehensive, and scientific evaluation should be made in accordance with the provisions, and necessary explanations should be made.

　　The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall immediately verify and analyze the vaccine safety information that may mislead the public and public opinion, in conjunction with the health authorities and other relevant departments, professional institutions and relevant vaccine marketing license holders, and publish the results in a timely manner.

　　No unit or individual may fabricate or disseminate false vaccine safety information.

　　Article 77 Any unit or individual has the right to know vaccine information according to law and put forward opinions and suggestions on vaccine supervision and management.

　　Any unit or individual has the right to report vaccine violations to the health authorities, drug supervision and administration departments and other departments, and to report to the people’s government at the same level or higher level and its relevant departments and supervisory organs if the health authorities, drug supervision and administration departments and their staff fail to perform their supervisory and administrative duties according to law. The relevant departments and organs shall promptly verify and deal with it; Reward informants for verified reports in accordance with regulations; Informants who report serious illegal acts of their units and verify them are rewarded handsomely.

　　Article 78 The people’s governments at or above the county level shall formulate emergency plans for vaccine safety incidents, and stipulate the classification of vaccine safety incidents, the organization and command system and responsibilities for handling, the prevention and early warning mechanism, the handling procedures and emergency safeguard measures.

　　The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall formulate a plan for handling vaccine safety incidents, regularly check the implementation of various preventive measures, and eliminate potential safety hazards in time.

　　In the event of a vaccine safety incident, the holder of the vaccine marketing license shall immediately report to the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council or the drug supervision and administration department of the people’s government of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government; Disease prevention and control institutions, vaccination units and medical institutions shall immediately report to the health authorities and drug supervision and administration departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level. The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department shall, jointly with the health authorities, set up a command organization for handling vaccine safety incidents in accordance with the provisions of the emergency plan, carry out medical treatment, risk control, investigation and handling, information release, explanation and other work, and do a good job in the aftermath of replanting. The cost of replanting vaccine safety incidents caused by quality problems shall be borne by the holder of vaccine marketing license.

　　The relevant units and individuals shall not conceal, falsely report, delay reporting or omit reporting vaccine safety incidents, and shall not conceal, forge or destroy relevant evidence.

Chapter X Legal Liability

　　Article 79 Whoever violates the provisions of this Law and constitutes a crime shall be severely investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.

　　Article 80 If the vaccines produced and sold belong to counterfeit drugs, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall confiscate the illegal income, vaccines produced and sold illegally, raw materials, auxiliary materials, packaging materials, equipment and other articles specially used for illegal vaccine production, order it to stop production and business for rectification, revoke the pharmaceutical registration certificate until the pharmaceutical production license is revoked, and impose a fine of not less than 15 times but not more than 50 times the value of vaccines produced and sold illegally. If the value of vaccines is less than 500,000 yuan, it shall be calculated as 500,000 yuan.

　　If the vaccines produced and sold are inferior drugs, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall confiscate the illegal income and vaccines produced and sold illegally, as well as raw materials, auxiliary materials, packaging materials, equipment and other items specially used for illegal vaccine production, order it to stop production and business for rectification, and impose a fine of not less than 10 times but not more than 30 times the value of vaccines produced and sold illegally. If the value is less than 500,000 yuan, it shall be calculated as 500,000 yuan. If the circumstances are serious, the drug registration certificate shall be revoked until the drug production license is revoked.

　　If the vaccines produced and sold are fake drugs, or the vaccines produced and sold are inferior drugs and the circumstances are serious, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall confiscate the income earned by the unit during the illegal act, impose a fine of more than one time and less than ten times the income earned, prohibit the pharmaceutical production and business activities for life, and be detained by the public security organ for more than five days and less than fifteen days.

　　Article 81 Under any of the following circumstances, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall confiscate the illegal income and vaccines illegally produced and sold, as well as raw materials, auxiliary materials, packaging materials, equipment and other articles specially used for illegal vaccine production, order it to stop production and business for rectification, and impose a fine of not less than 15 times but not more than 50 times the value of illegally produced and sold vaccines. If the value is less than 500,000 yuan, it shall be calculated as 500,000 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, the relevant drug approval documents shall be revoked until the drug production license is revoked. The legal representative, principal responsible person, directly responsible person in charge, key position personnel and other responsible personnel shall be confiscated, and they shall be fined more than 50% but less than 10 times of the income earned. They shall be prohibited from engaging in drug production and business activities for ten years until life, and shall be detained by public security organs for more than five days and less than fifteen days:

　　(1) Providing false data, materials, samples or committing other deceptive acts when applying for clinical trials, registration and batch issuance of vaccines;

　　(two) fabricating production and inspection records or changing the batch number of products;

　　(3) Units or individuals other than disease prevention and control institutions supply vaccines to vaccination units;

　　(four) commissioned the production of vaccines without approval;

　　(five) the production process, production site, key equipment and other changes in accordance with the provisions should be approved without approval;

　　(6) Updating vaccine instructions and labels shall be approved without approval according to regulations.

　　Article 82 Unless otherwise provided for in this Law, if the holder of vaccine marketing license or any other unit violates the relevant quality control standards of drugs, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections and give it a warning; Refuses to correct, a fine of two hundred thousand yuan and five hundred thousand yuan; If the circumstances are serious, a fine of not less than 500,000 yuan but not more than 3 million yuan shall be imposed, and the company shall be ordered to suspend production and business for rectification until the relevant drug approval documents and drug production licenses are revoked. The legal representative, principal responsible person, directly responsible person in charge, personnel in key positions and other responsible personnel shall be confiscated from their own units during the illegal act, and a fine of not less than 50% but not more than 5 times shall be imposed, and they shall be prohibited from engaging in drug production and business activities for ten years until life.

　　Article 83 If a holder of a vaccine marketing license violates the provisions of this Law in any of the following circumstances, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall order him to make corrections and give him a warning; Refuses to correct, a fine of two hundred thousand yuan and five hundred thousand yuan; If the circumstances are serious, it shall be ordered to suspend production and business for rectification, and a fine of not less than 500,000 yuan but not more than 2 million yuan shall be imposed:

　　(1) Failing to establish an electronic traceability system for vaccines as required;

　　(two) the legal representative, the main person in charge, the person in charge of production management, the person in charge of quality management, the quality authorized person and other key positions do not meet the prescribed conditions or fail to carry out training and assessment in accordance with the provisions;

　　(3) Failing to report or put on record as required;

　　(4) Failing to carry out post-marketing research in accordance with the regulations, or failing to set up institutions and staff in accordance with the regulations to actively collect, track and analyze suspected abnormal reactions to vaccination;

　　(5) Failing to take out compulsory vaccine liability insurance as required;

　　(six) the information disclosure system is not established in accordance with the provisions.

　　Article 84 If a batch issuing institution violates the provisions of this Law in any of the following circumstances, the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council shall order it to make corrections and give it a warning, and the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given a warning according to law until demotion:

　　(1) Failing to conduct examination and inspection in accordance with the provisions;

　　(2) Failing to announce the results of batch issuance of vaccines on the market in time;

　　(3) Failing to verify in accordance with the provisions;

　　(4) Failing to report the major quality risks of the vaccine as required.

　　If, in violation of the provisions of this Law, the batch issuing institution fails to issue a batch issuing certificate or refuses to issue a batch issuing notice in accordance with the provisions, the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council shall order it to make corrections, give it a warning, and demote or dismiss the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel according to law; If the circumstances are serious, the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be dismissed according to law.

　　Article 85 If disease prevention and control institutions, inoculation units, vaccine marketing license holders and vaccine distribution units violate the requirements of cold chain storage and transportation in the management norms for vaccine storage and transportation, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order them to make corrections, give them a warning, destroy the illegally stored and transported vaccines and confiscate their illegal income; Refuses to correct, the vaccination units, vaccine marketing license holders, vaccine distribution units at more than two hundred thousand yuan to one million yuan fine; If the circumstances are serious, the vaccination units, vaccine marketing license holders and vaccine distribution units shall be fined for illegally storing and transporting vaccines for more than 10 times and less than 30 times. If the value is less than 100,000 yuan, the vaccine marketing license holders and vaccine distribution units shall be ordered to stop production and suspend business for rectification until the relevant approval documents and drug production licenses are revoked, and the legal representatives, principals and direct responsibilities of the vaccine marketing license holders and vaccine distribution units shall be directly responsible.

　　If the disease prevention and control institutions and inoculation units commit illegal acts as prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the competent health department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall give a warning to the main person in charge, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel according to law until they are dismissed, and order the responsible medical and health personnel to suspend their practice activities for more than one year and less than 18 months; If serious consequences are caused, the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be dismissed according to law, and the inoculation qualification of the inoculation unit may be revoked, and the practice certificate of the responsible medical and health personnel shall be revoked by the original issuing department.

　　Article 86 If disease prevention and control institutions, inoculation entities, vaccine marketing license holders and vaccine distribution entities violate the management norms of vaccine storage and transportation other than those specified in Article 85 of this Law, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order them to make corrections, give them a warning and confiscate their illegal income; Refuses to correct, the vaccination units, vaccine marketing license holders, vaccine distribution units at more than one hundred thousand yuan to three hundred thousand yuan fine; If the circumstances are serious, the vaccination unit, vaccine marketing license holder and vaccine distribution unit shall be fined for illegally storing and transporting vaccines with a value of more than three times and less than ten times. If the value is less than 100,000 yuan, it shall be calculated as 100,000 yuan.

　　If the disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units commit illegal acts as prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the health department of the people’s government at or above the county level may give warning to the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel according to law until dismissal, and order the responsible medical and health personnel to suspend their practice activities for more than six months and less than one year; If serious consequences are caused, the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be dismissed according to law, and the practice certificate of the responsible medical and health personnel shall be revoked by the original issuing department.

　　Article 87 If a disease prevention and control institution or vaccination unit violates the provisions of this Law in any of the following circumstances, the competent health department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections, give it a warning and confiscate its illegal income; If the circumstances are serious, the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given a warning until dismissal, and the responsible medical and health personnel shall be ordered to suspend their practice activities for more than one year and less than 18 months; If serious consequences are caused, the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be dismissed according to law, and the practice certificate of the responsible medical and health personnel shall be revoked by the original issuing department:

　　(1) Failing to supply, receive or purchase vaccines as required;

　　(two) vaccination did not comply with the vaccination work norms, immunization procedures, vaccine use guidelines, vaccination program;

　　(three) unauthorized mass vaccination.

　　Article 88 If a disease prevention and control institution or vaccination unit violates the provisions of this Law in any of the following circumstances, the competent health department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections and give it a warning; If the circumstances are serious, the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given a warning until dismissal, and the responsible medical and health personnel shall be ordered to suspend their practice activities for more than six months and less than one year; If serious consequences are caused, the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be dismissed according to law, and the practice certificate of the responsible medical and health personnel shall be revoked by the original issuing department:

　　(1) Failing to provide traceability information as required;

　　(2) Failing to obtain and keep relevant certification documents and temperature monitoring records in accordance with regulations when receiving or purchasing vaccines;

　　(3) Failing to establish and keep records of vaccine receipt, purchase, storage, distribution, supply, inoculation and disposal in accordance with regulations;

　　(4) Failing to inform or ask the recipient or his guardian about the situation in accordance with the regulations.

　　Article 89 If disease prevention and control institutions, vaccination units and medical institutions fail to report suspected abnormal vaccination reactions and vaccine safety incidents in accordance with regulations, or fail to organize investigation and diagnosis of suspected abnormal vaccination reactions in accordance with regulations, the competent health department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order them to make corrections and give them a warning; If the circumstances are serious, the vaccination units and medical institutions shall be fined between 50,000 yuan and 500,000 yuan, and the principal responsible persons, directly responsible personnel in charge and other directly responsible personnel of the disease prevention and control institutions, vaccination units and medical institutions shall be given a warning according to law until dismissal; If serious consequences are caused, the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be dismissed according to law, and the practice certificate of the responsible medical and health personnel shall be revoked by the original issuing department.

　　Article 90 If a disease prevention and control institution or vaccination unit collects fees in violation of the provisions of this Law, the competent health department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall supervise it to return the illegally collected fees to the unit or individual who originally paid the fees, and the market supervision and management department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall punish it according to law.

　　Article 91 Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, engages in immunization planning vaccination without being designated by the competent health department of the local people’s government at or above the county level, or engages in non-immunization planning vaccination that does not meet the requirements or has not been put on record, shall be ordered by the competent health department of the people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections, give a warning, confiscate the illegal income and illegally held vaccines, be ordered to suspend business for rectification, and be fined not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 1 million yuan. The principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be punished according to law.

　　In violation of the provisions of this law, units or individuals other than disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units carry out mass vaccination without authorization, and the health authorities of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall order them to make corrections, confiscate the illegal income and illegally held vaccines, and impose a fine of not less than 10 times but not more than 30 times the value of illegally held vaccines. If the value is less than 50,000 yuan, it shall be calculated as 50,000 yuan.

　　Ninety-second guardians who fail to ensure that school-age children are vaccinated on time according to law shall be criticized and educated by the health authorities of the people’s government at the county level and ordered to make corrections.

　　Nursery institutions and schools that fail to check vaccination certificates in accordance with the regulations when children enter kindergartens and schools, or fail to report to the vaccination unit after discovering children who have not been vaccinated in accordance with the regulations, the education administrative department of the local people’s government at or above the county level shall order them to make corrections, give them a warning, and punish the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel according to law.

　　Article 93 Whoever fabricates or disseminates false vaccine safety information, or makes trouble in the inoculation unit, which constitutes a violation of public security administration, shall be punished by the public security organ according to law.

　　Newspapers, periodicals, radio, television, Internet sites and other media fabricate and disseminate false information about vaccine safety, and the relevant departments shall punish them according to law, and the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be punished according to law.

　　Article 94 If the local people’s governments at or above the county level have any of the following circumstances in vaccine supervision and management, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be demoted or dismissed according to law; If the circumstances are serious, he shall be dismissed according to law; Causing serious consequences, the main person in charge shall resign:

　　(a) ineffective performance of duties, resulting in serious adverse effects or heavy losses;

　　(2) Concealing, misrepresenting, delaying or omitting vaccine safety incidents;

　　(3) Interfering with or obstructing the investigation of vaccine violations or vaccine safety incidents;

　　(four) a particularly serious vaccine safety accident occurred in the administrative area, or a series of major vaccine safety accidents occurred.

　　Article 95 If the drug supervision and administration department, health department and other departments have any of the following circumstances in vaccine supervision and management, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be demoted or dismissed according to law; If the circumstances are serious, he shall be dismissed according to law; Causing serious consequences, the main person in charge shall resign:

　　(a) failing to perform the duties of supervision and inspection, or failing to investigate and deal with illegal acts in time;

　　(two) unauthorized mass vaccination;

　　(3) Concealing, misrepresenting, delaying or omitting vaccine safety incidents;

　　(4) Interfering with or obstructing the investigation of vaccine violations or vaccine safety incidents;

　　(5) divulging the information of informants;

　　(six) received a report on the suspected abnormal reaction to vaccination, and failed to organize the investigation and handling in accordance with the provisions;

　　(seven) other acts that fail to perform the duties of vaccine supervision and management, resulting in serious adverse effects or heavy losses.

　　Article 96 If the vaccine quality problem causes damage to the recipients, the holder of the vaccine marketing license shall be liable for compensation according to law.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units that violate vaccination work norms, immunization procedures, guiding principles for the use of vaccines, and vaccination programs, causing damage to the recipients, shall be liable for compensation according to law.

Chapter XI Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 97 The meanings of the following terms in this Law are:

　　Immunization vaccines refer to vaccines that residents should be vaccinated in accordance with government regulations, including vaccines determined by the national immunization program, vaccines added by the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government when implementing the national immunization program, and vaccines used for emergency vaccination or mass vaccination organized by the people’s governments at or above the county level or their health authorities.

　　Non-EPI vaccines refer to other vaccines voluntarily vaccinated by residents.

　　The holder of vaccine marketing license refers to an enterprise that has obtained the registration certificate of vaccine drugs and the drug production license according to law.

　　Article 98 The State encourages vaccine production enterprises to produce and export vaccines in accordance with international procurement requirements.

　　The exported vaccine shall meet the standards or contract requirements of the importing country (region).

　　Article 99 Entry-exit vaccination and procurement of required vaccines shall be separately stipulated by the frontier health and quarantine organ in consultation with the financial department of the State Council.

　　Article 100 This Law shall come into force as of December 1, 2019.