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Read the special client Shenzhen News Network October 10, 2022(Reporter Weng Renying, Zhang Ling) Recently, someone issued a so-called "lawyer’s letter" in the name of "Shenzhen Lawyers Association" and stamped it with the special legal seal of "Shenzhen Lawyers Association".

(The picture shows a fake lawyer’s letter)

On the evening of October 10th, Shenzhen Lawyers Association rumored on WeChat WeChat official account that Shenzhen Lawyers Association would not issue any lawyer’s letter or handle specific legal business. For those who use the name of Shenzhen Lawyers Association, they will also reserve the right to pursue their legal responsibilities.

Isn’t it ridiculous for the Shenzhen Lawyers Association to warn in this article entitled "Such a" lawyer’s letter "? In the article, it is pointed out that there are several obvious mistakes in this fake lawyer’s letter, including that it bears the title of "Shenzhen Lawyers Association", but the letter number is a big prefix of "Guangdong"; At the end, he claimed to be "my office", signed and sealed as a bar association, and the subject changed repeatedly; The person in charge of the case has no signature, but it is a series of telephone numbers (Shenzhen XX Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. according to the number), and so on …

At the same time, the Shenzhen Lawyers Association reminded that issuing a lawyer’s letter must meet the following conditions at the same time: 1. It must be issued by a law firm; 2. It must be handled by a lawyer appointed by the entrusted law firm; 3. The appointed lawyer will carry out investigation and verification of facts and other matters; 4. It must be signed by the lawyer and stamped with the official seal of the law firm.

In addition, official website, the Shenzhen Lawyers Association, has published the telephone numbers of its clerks to the public. If you have any questions, you can go to official website to inquire in time.

Frontier lawyers interpret what a real lawyer’s letter looks like. (Photo by Zhang Ling)

Original clove doctor　

A surprise inspection!

Did you have a good drink of water today?

Or are you feeling thirsty

My throat is as dry as the Sahara desert.

Under normal circumstances, adult women only need to consume 1.1 ~ 1.5 liters of water a day, and adult men only need to consume 1.2 ~ 1.9 liters of water to meet their needs (including water in drinks and food).

But! Some people need more water than this.

Image source: cover expression pack

If you eat something at ordinary times, you must have a drink.

Otherwise, it’s too dry to swallow

When sleeping at night

I’m so thirsty that I may even cough

Need to get out of bed for tons of irrigation three times and two times.

Crucially:

I also drank a lot of water, but I just couldn’t quench my thirst!

Don’t be nervous yet ~ Thirst is a normal physiological reaction of human beings. In the short term, it may be that the weather is too hot, eating too salty, and just experienced strenuous exercise.

But if you continue to feel dry mouth and have some other accompanying symptoms, be careful!

This may be a signal from some diseases: your body has several potential health problems that need to be vigilant.

Image source: Station Cool Hailuo

01

Thyroid diseases

Patients with hyperthyroidism have increased thyroid hormone secretion, accelerated basal metabolic rate and significantly increased oxygen consumption. In addition, the heat production of the body increases, the heat dissipation accelerates, and the demand for water will increase accordingly.

Make your mouth thirsty, become a buffalo, and drink more water than usual.

Hyperthyroidism patients may also be accompanied by increased heart rate, palpitation, shaking hands, diarrhea, more sweating in hands, less hair loss, etc., but the most obvious manifestation may be the thickening of the neck.

In addition, people who used to be nice have suddenly exploded like a runaway scooter recently.

I also feel that I am always upset, insomnia and anxiety, and my brain often has a party late at night, making it difficult to sleep.

In the above situation, it is best to go to the endocrinology department in time and make an appointment for thyroid function determination and ultrasound examination.

Image source: Station Cool Hailuo

02

sicca syndrome

This is a common rheumatic disease, and the common clinical manifestation is dry mouth for more than 3 months.

Say a word and eat a solid food, you need to drink water. Eyes will feel very dry, like entering the sand.

Different from "dry eye", it is an eye disease, which is caused by insufficient tear secretion or excessive evaporation. Sjogren’s syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease.

Let’s just say it’s because your own immune organization mistakenly attacked salivary glands, lacrimal glands and other glands. These glands responsible for producing water are destroyed and the water secretion is reduced, so you feel dry mouth and eyes.

The data show that the probability of Sjogren’s syndrome patients suffering from malignant lymphoma is nearly 40 times higher than that of ordinary people. It may also affect other multiple systems of your body and have corresponding clinical manifestations:

Involving the skin, it can be manifested as itching and desquamation of the skin;

Involved in the respiratory tract, dry cough and dyspnea may occur;

Involvement of digestive system may be accompanied by abdominal distension and diarrhea;

Involving the nervous system, limb numbness and weakness, orthostatic hypotension, hyperhidrosis, hypohidrosis or anhidrosis of limb skin, memory and attention loss may occur.

There may also be systemic symptoms such as fatigue and low fever, and a few cases will show high fever, even high fever above 39℃.

Sjogren’s syndrome is generally recommended to go to the Rheumatology Immunology Department for investigation. If there is no such department, you can go to the General Internal Medicine Department for a look.

Image source: Station Cool Hailuo

03

Diabetes, poor blood sugar control

In addition to often feeling thirsty, I am particularly hungry; Frequent urination-the number of times to pee in the toilet has increased, and the amount of urination has also increased; Weight is also lost for no reason, accompanied by a sense of fatigue that is difficult to relieve.

Please pay attention to your blood sugar level! This may be the typical symptoms of diabetes: drinking more, eating more, urinating more and losing weight.

When blood sugar rises, there will be osmotic diuresis, which will lead to the reduction of water reabsorption by the kidney, and a large amount of water will be discharged from the kidney, thus making the urine volume increase abnormally. Therefore, the body is short of water, and then it feels thirsty and unconsciously wants to drink more water, which further leads to an increase in urine output and a vicious circle.

Diabetes is very common, with 11 patients in every 100 people, and most of them can’t be cured. Once they get it, they need lifelong treatment.

If you want to know your blood sugar health as soon as possible, you can go to the endocrinology department.

Image source: Station Cool Hailuo

04

sleep apnea syndrome

After waking up in the morning, I often feel that my throat is terribly dry. Don’t ignore it. Looking back, do you still snore when you sleep?

Some people are dry, while others are dry because Lao Zhang snored with his mouth open the night before.

This is not a rap or joke, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA), but also a large group of patients with dry mouth.

TA people may snore and snore when they sleep, and their breathing pauses for several seconds before they recover. Classic clinical manifestations also include: feeling suffocated when sleeping, thirsty after waking up, dizziness and headache, drowsiness during the day, and difficulty in concentration …

In contrast, dry mouth is just a minor problem.

Studies have found that it is also related to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (such as stroke), metabolic diseases and other multi-system damage. The probability of traffic accidents in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is 250% higher than that in the general population.

Image source: Station Cool Hailuo

05

diabetes insipidus

This is a relatively rare disease.

Let’s just say that we ordinary people can’t maintain normal urine output without a substance called "antidiuretic hormone". It is synthesized by the hypothalamus and stored in the pituitary gland, working silently for us.

If this mechanism is obstructed and antidiuretic hormone is deficient, it will fall into a state of "storage failure"; Or the kidney is not sensitive to this hormone, which will make you dry mouth and urinate easily, and may also excrete a lot of innocent urine.

Generally speaking, normal adults excrete about 1 ~ 2 liters of urine a day, that is, 4 ~ 6 times of urine.

If you urinate more than 4 liters in 24 hours and urinate significantly more than 6 times, and this situation lasts for more than half a month, be alert to the possibility of diabetes insipidus.

If you are really worried, you can go to the endocrinology department or nephrology department for treatment.

Image source: Station Cool Hailuo

To sum up, whether you want to see a doctor about dry mouth mainly depends on whether it lasts for more than 3 months and has affected your daily life.

If so, remember to actively seek medical treatment and check the risk of disease. Don’t delay! Don’t delay! Don’t delay! Say the important things three times.

As for friends who are usually fine and suddenly feel itchy and have a dry mouth when they see here … Don’t panic, I advise you to drink some water first. You may simply drink less water!

Image source: emoticon pack

Or, you have thoroughly investigated the possible pathological factors, and still feel dry mouth often, and don’t fall into the "hypochondriac trap". There is also a simple answer: you need to consume more water than others, so don’t worry too much.

Admit that some "problems" are like myopia. Although it is difficult to eradicate, we can still learn to live in peace with them.

This article review expert

references

[1] Yamada Y, Zhang X, Henderson MET, Sagayama H, Pontzer H, et al. Variation in human water turnover associated with environmental and lifestyle factors. Science. 2022 Nov 25; 378(6622):909-915.

Ge Junbo, Xu Yongjian, Wang Chen. Internal Medicine [M]. 9th edition. Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House, 2018: 829-832.

Plan and make

Planning: V | Producer: Feidi

Cover image Source: Network

Original title: "Often dry mouth, don’t think that there is water shortage! May be a sign of disease "

Read the original text

　　Beijing, China, November 28 (Reporter Li Xingjian from the Central Radio and Television Station) According to the report of China Voice "News Night", many elderly people often choose an "elderly machine" with simple function and low price when choosing a mobile phone. However, some criminals have targeted some unprotected "old-age machines" and implanted virus Trojans to achieve remote control and illegal profits. Recently, the court in Xinchang County, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province found that the company of the criminal suspect Wu Mou illegally controlled more than 3.3 million elderly phones, obtained more than 5 million mobile phone verification codes, and made a profit of more than 7.9 million yuan from the sale. The elderly victims were all over 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China. The police revealed that not only old machines, but also some children’s watches with communication functions should be wary of such Trojans. What kind of black industrial chain is hidden behind this?

　　In August last year, in order to take care of her grandmother who is over 80 years old but lives alone, Xiao Zhu of Xinchang County, Zhejiang Province bought her a cheap functional machine online. The so-called function machine is what people often call "the aged machine", which only has basic functions such as answering phones and sending and receiving short messages.

　　However, when Xiao Zhu changed the package for her mobile phone, she found that the short messages sent by others could be received normally, but the verification code could not be received. Xiao Zhu put the phone card into his mobile phone, and the verification code could be received normally. He suspected that his grandmother’s old machine was equipped with a Trojan horse and immediately called the police.

　　Chen Yi, deputy head of the network police brigade of Xinchang County Public Security Bureau, said: "The function of inquiring telephone charges is normal, and other short messages are received normally. Once you encounter bank verification codes, including some mobile verification codes, you will not receive them. It is certain that a program in this mobile phone must have blocked the verification code. "

　　The police conducted an investigation on the online sales of the same brand of elderly phones. The police visited 25 people who bought the same mobile phone locally in Xinchang County and found that there were 15 mobile phones with abnormal SMS sending and receiving. At the same time, the police also conducted a judicial appraisal of the Trojan horse program in the mobile phone. Chen Yi introduced: "The appraisal opinion is that this Trojan has the function of identifying and obtaining all short messages in the mobile phone, which can be blocked according to keywords, and finally the short messages it needs can be uploaded to the server."

　　The public security organs at Shaoxing and Xinchang levels set up a "8.12" task force for infringing citizens’ personal information led by the network security department. After finding out the organizational structure of the whole criminal gang, they rushed to Shenzhen to control all the people involved in this technology company, and obtained a lot of background server data and contracts for trading with upstream and downstream chains. Li Yun, a policeman handling the case of the Criminal Investigation Detachment of Xinchang County Public Security Bureau, said: "Their data inventory has reached more than 5 million mobile phone numbers, and the total amount of information has reached nearly 50 million. This is a very huge amount of data."

　　After investigation, this company, with Wu Mou as the general manager, made a Trojan horse program that can control the mobile phone to recognize and intercept short messages, and cooperated with the motherboard manufacturer to implant the Trojan horse program into the mobile phone motherboard. These motherboards with the Trojan horse program entered the mobile phone manufacturer and were finally sold to the elderly.

　　According to the statistics of the background server of Wu Mou Company, there are more than 3.3 million mobile phone numbers activated by the implanted Trojan horse program, involving more than 4,500 functional model numbers, and the victims are all over 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China. Li Yun, a policeman who handled the case, said: "Once this function machine is used by the elderly, it will actively send the mobile phone number to the Wu Mou gang, and the Wu Mou gang will input the number downstream, and then click to receive the verification code after getting the number downstream. They just go to the e-commerce platform ‘ Bonus hunter ’ Yes. "

　　It is understood that companies in Wu Mou not only use a small number of illegally obtained mobile phone numbers and verification codes to register their own apps and make profits by swiping them, but most of them are sold to "wholesalers" of citizens’ personal information like the "sweet potato" platform.

　　These platforms are an important part of this black industrial chain, and they are called "code receiving platforms" in the "industry". They buy personal information from companies like Wu Mou at a low price, and sell it to gangs and individuals in "bonus hunter" at a higher price through QQ group and WeChat group, and earn a profit from the difference. Thus, citizens’ personal information enters the "black market" and is bought and sold layer by layer, forming a huge criminal network. The criminal suspect Zou said: "A commodity gains a profit of two or three dollars. If you want to make money, you have to register so many. The model is very simple, that is, reselling and earning the difference."

　　The cyber security law stipulates that no individual or organization may steal or obtain personal information in other illegal ways, and may not illegally sell or illegally provide personal information to others.

　　Since June, 2020, Xinchang County Procuratorate has successively filed public prosecutions with Xinchang County Court for Wu Mou and other 70 people suspected of illegal control of computer information systems, infringement of citizens’ personal information and fraud. Recently, the Xinchang County Court made a judgment that Wu Mou was sentenced to four years and six months in prison for the crime of illegally controlling the computer information system, and fined 600,000 yuan, and the illegal income of 6.16 million was recovered; Tong was sentenced to three years in prison for infringing citizens’ personal information, suspended for four years, fined 80,000 yuan, and 70,000 yuan of illegal income was recovered.

　　The police investigating the case reminded that most smart phones are equipped with mobile phone security assistants and other software, which can identify virus Trojans for killing. However, some elderly machines or children’s smart watches produced by informal manufacturers have hidden dangers of being implanted by Trojans. Look for regular and reliable brand products when buying. "When buying this kind of electronic products for children and the elderly, we still have to choose electronic products that can be trusted by big brands, so that the quality is reliable. And in the process of use, we should pay attention to keeping our personal information, pay attention to confidentiality, and not easily disclose the information to others. "

Cctv news(Reporter wanglili) According to the latest data released by the Ministry of Public Security, from January to September 2021, 262,000 cases of telecommunication network fraud were cracked and 373,000 suspects were arrested, up by 41.1% and 116.4% respectively. In 2020, 927,000 cases of telecommunication network fraud were filed nationwide, which caused losses of 35.37 billion yuan to the masses.

In response to the telecommunication network fraud crime that the public hates, the state has "released a big move". Recently, the draft anti-telecommunication network fraud law was published and publicly solicited opinions from the public. This is the first time that China has made special legislation to combat and control telecommunication network fraud, marking the official entry of anti-telecommunication network fraud crime into the national legislative process. During the interview, it is obvious that with the joint efforts of public security organs, financial institutions, technology companies and other industries in the whole society, a war of "attack" and "prevention" against telecom fraud is about to start.

Public security organs: cases continue to be high, and the network black and gray industry continues to expand.

In daily life, netizens who are short of funds are defrauded by loans; Frequent online shopping is impersonated as customer service and false shopping fraud; Those who can’t find a job are defrauded by part-time brushing … … During the interview, the police officer of Taiyuan Anti-fraud Center said that taking the case data of Taiyuan City as an example, telecommunication network fraud cases continued to be high, accounting for more than 40% of criminal cases. Among them, loans, brushing bills, killing pig plates and impersonating customer service are high-incidence cases.

It is understood that the total number of such cases is rising, criminal gangs are becoming more specialized and collectivized, the division of labor is gradually refined, and the activity area is cross-border, gradually forming a complete chain of upstream and downstream links. The most serious thing is that the black and gray industries such as providing citizens’ personal information, building network platforms and transferring funds channels for fraud gangs are expanding.

In Shanxi, Taiyuan Public Security Bureau continued to carry out the "card-breaking" operation, and successively destroyed a large number of domestic fraud dens and black ash gangs, and arrested a large number of cross-border fraud suspects who returned to China from abroad; We rolled out early warning and prevention work in an all-round way, continued to strengthen accurate early warning and dissuasion work, and successfully prevented a large number of people from being deceived.

Financial institutions: Opening accounts in different places, tightening innovation and launching "account security lock"

In the bank, the staff are promoting how to prevent fraud to the elderly.

Previously, news such as "bank staff at the counter urged the old lady not to transfer money" frequently appeared in hot searches. According to the Report on Mobile Phone Security in China in 2020 released by China Information and Communication Research Institute, although there were more people cheated after 1990s, the per capita loss was low. Once the post-60 s fall into the online scam, the per capita loss exceeds 20,000 yuan.

Among many leaked information, bank cards and mobile phone cards are the two core "realized" hardware. According to the relevant work requirements of the state on strengthening the crackdown on cross-border gambling and power grid fraud, the central bank clearly stipulates the main responsibility of "whoever opens an account is responsible". Therefore, many individual users and small and micro business owners find it difficult to open an account in a bank recently.

When visiting major banks in Shanxi, the reporter found that in order to prevent and control risks, many banks are more strict with card opening users. When establishing diplomatic relations with five major banks in Taiyuan, reporters were asked to open accounts as individual customers, and they were all asked "whether they are local accounts" at the first time. When they were sure, the staff of the outlets said that they could open accounts directly with their ID cards; If not, many bank staff will further ask about the specific purpose of card opening.

Among them, for individuals to open accounts in different places, the staff of Industrial Bank and Jinshang Bank not only repeatedly asked about the purpose of opening the card, but also requested to submit the red book containing their names or the supporting documents such as unit certificates or lease contracts.

In response to this phenomenon, the central bank recently issued "Guiding Opinions on Doing a Good Job in Personal Bank Account Services for Floating Employment Groups" and "Guiding Opinions on Doing a Good Job in Bank Account Optimization Services and Risk Prevention and Control for Small and Micro Enterprises", clearly stating that it is necessary to strengthen the optimization of account services and account management while not reducing the convenience of account opening and risk prevention and control.

During the interview, many professionals said that financial institutions need to constantly optimize and refine account opening control measures and constantly innovate their working methods in preventing and controlling network telecom fraud. Wang Fei, the retail finance department of Minsheng Bank Taiyuan Branch, said that taking their bank as an example, a sound financial business due diligence system has been established for the number of financial accounts and abnormal cards; Innovatively launch a full "account security lock" on the client; Open up a green channel for customers who actively cancel redundant bank cards, give various forms of encouragement, and fulfill the social responsibility of banks.

Technology company: the anti-fraud strategy needs to be improved urgently for fingerprint authentication.

Since 2021, there have been 2,700 cases of telecommunication network fraud in China, with an average daily loss of 140 million yuan. Although financial institutions are "strictly guarding against death", under the temptation of huge interests, criminal organizations still hold many black technologies, which bring many risks to all industries.

Nowadays, online fraud methods emerge in an endless stream. Many "black" technologies use the loopholes in the mobile phone system to crack fingerprint authentication, wear special glasses or make up to break through face recognition and live verification.

During the interview, Fu Liting, Marketing Director of Public Security Business Group of Iflytek Smart City Business Group, said that relying on core technologies such as voice recognition and intention recognition, they can quickly, accurately and comprehensively discover sensitive and harmful information spread in the telecommunication network, and timely push warning clues to the public security anti-fraud center for landing interception. In addition, instead of traditional manual lines, anti-fraud dissuasion robots are used to timely, automatically and accurately complete anti-fraud dissuasion work such as outgoing calls, publicity and intervention, accurately screen potential victims, and assist police officers in handling massive police situations.

In addition, many people in the industry believe that the current financial system urgently needs to improve the anti-fraud strategy. By collecting, cleaning and processing user behavior data, accurate portraits can be realized, user behavior scoring models can be established, and real-time and quasi-real-time monitoring and prevention of transactions can be realized through machine learning.

Legal expert: the anti-fraud atmosphere of the whole society is gradually taking shape

Telecom fraud has become a prominent crime with the highest incidence, the greatest loss and the strongest response from the masses. For the first time, China has made special legislation on telecom fraud. Wang Jijun, a professor at Shanxi University Law School, said that the anti-fraud atmosphere of the whole society is gradually taking shape. According to the requirements of improving the preventive legal system, the draft will strengthen the construction of preventive system measures for all aspects of telecom network fraud, such as information chain, capital chain, technology chain and personnel chain, so as to provide legal support for the actual needs of overall development and security, maintaining social management order and ensuring people’s property safety.

In his view, the draft is a preventive legislation. After the anti-telecommunication network fraud law enters the law, the definition, law enforcement, confirmation and sentencing of such fraud will be clearly based on the law, and the powers and responsibilities of public security organs and judicial departments to crack down on telecommunication network fraud crimes will be clearer, which is of great significance to maintaining social stability and economic and social development.

　　Cctv newsRecently, on social media and some new media platforms, people often find that every time some users publish ordinary content, the number of views or likes they get can easily exceed one million, ten million or even hundreds of millions. So, how true are these figures?

　　Not long ago, Weibo, a video promoting a new song released by an artist user, received more than 100 million reposts. At present, the total number of users in Weibo, China is 337 million, which is equivalent to one in every three users in Weibo who forwarded this content.

　　journalist: How is this data defined?

　　Cao Yongshou, president of a data company in BeijingThat is, it was not painted by a real person, but by a machine (using software) manually.

　　According to Mr. Cao’s prompt, the reporter entered the name of Sina Weibo on an e-commerce platform, and the system gave priority to a large number of business options to help users increase fans or increase data. These so-called merchants recommended packages with different needs to reporters. Basically, for 10 yuan, you can buy 400 fans, or you can forward them to Weibo for 100 times. Can also be based on demand, to achieve the degree of fan activity and regional authenticity of the special customization.

　　In order to convince reporters that the data revision is true and effective, the seller claims that many artists and online celebrity have come to buy from them and have a long-term cooperative relationship with them. When the reporter tried to ask the specific artist’s name, the seller said it was inconvenient to disclose relevant information to the reporter.

　　The reporter also searched in the search engine with "traffic" as the key word, and found that 23 of the top 100 results were third-party software and platforms related to brushing traffic, providing brushing services covering almost all popular platforms. The reporter tried to download one of the softwares with the functions of "creating fans" and "creating forwarding", and filled a Weibo account that had not been updated recently into the designated location, and paid 11.92 yuan for enough points by scanning the code, and entered the target values of 500 fans and 300 forwarding times respectively. After a few minutes of operation, I found that followers with the same name were constantly pouring into the account. Similarly, a Weibo published a few days ago will be immediately forwarded by unknown users. The operation results can achieve data tampering according to the number of users’ wishes.

　　In the chat group of WeChat and Weibo, the reporter also found a lot of information about openly recruiting so-called likes. The reporter applied to join one of the chat groups as a candidate, and the administrator named "cash cow for receiving teachers" simply asked the reporter’s age and available time, and sent a job request to the reporter — — Add attention and praise to the designated customer’s Tik Tok account, and you can get a reward ranging from 1-3 yuan if you complete it. There is no upper limit on the workload per day, and wages can also be settled on the same day.

　　Cao Yongshou, president of a data company in BeijingThe water army has several characteristics. One is that you will find that the contents made by the water army are almost the same. The second is that many naval forces are online in the early hours of the morning. Do you think this is normal? If there are 10,000 fans, each person has registered 10 white numbers, and each white number sends 100 messages or messages every day, that is 100,000 times 100, and one thousand (ten thousand) can be reached in one day. In fact, it is only 10,000 people.

　　"Fans" irrational idolize boosts the proliferation of fake data

　　When data fraud becomes easy, it is inevitable to be abused. Fans who are keen on talent shows and crazy about idolize have hired the Water Army to brush the list of idols they support, and artists’ agencies and some new media platforms have also taken a fancy to the business opportunities, adding fuel to the fire behind them.

　　In order to concentrate on supporting common idols, the Star Weibo Data Station, which was set up spontaneously by fans or arranged by brokerage companies, came into being. According to Xiao Yu, a student who once participated in the list-making at the data station, personal forwarding artist Weibo can only be regarded as a daily check-in task. It has long been a common practice among fans to spend money on data for rapid increment.

　　In order to save manpower and time, fans will also share mobile phone applications that provide automatic list brushing function, enter their homepage and choose their favorite stars. No matter the date of list playing or the copy, all fans need to do is pay.

　　Breaking the myth of traffic and attracting people with works

　　For the inflated data, experts say that data fraud not only damages the basic principle of honesty between people, but also makes the performing arts market fall into a vicious circle of not paying attention to quality but only traffic.

　　Internet expert Wu Chunyong: Traffic fraud basically violates the principle of honesty. Its essence is actually to pursue the maximization of its own interests. Take different ways to brush according to the so-called demand. Such an unhealthy industrial chain and ecological chain gradually formed.

　　When data fraud becomes an industry, everyone involved in it contributes to the continuous spread of fraud more or less because of their own profits.

Professor Zhou Xing, School of Art and Media, Beijing Normal University

　　Professor Zhou Xing, School of Art and Media, Beijing Normal UniversityThe eyeball economy is a phenomenon that is hard to avoid in this era. When we communicate with stars or brokers in the industry, they certainly have a reasonable reason. When the star traffic is large, his exposure rate will be more concerned by advertisers. It is inevitable that fans will be encouraged to create traffic in clusters. But there is also a very important problem that media organizations also need interests, and when they find it easier to appeal to this emotion, they will attract attention. Creating traffic stars must be the result of the joint efforts of the three.

　　In this regard, experts called for, on the one hand, in addition to the market and relevant departments to increase supervision, fan groups, performing arts markets and platforms all need to reflect. If we only pursue immediate interests and give up creating truly valuable and quality works of art, the so-called traffic data will be nothing more than a passing cloud.

　　Professor Zhou Xing, School of Art and Media, Beijing Normal UniversityBecause it is fleeting, network communication will soon be out of sight. Young people grow up, and soon there will be new hot spots (appearing). Of course, there must be policies to curb these manufacturing institutions. Besides, it is necessary to have a positive tool of propaganda and public opinion to pay attention to the good things that are truly exemplary people, the backbone of our society, and firmly promote the development of our social economy and culture, and let young people accept them and make them become a model that is really not short-term but long-term. I think this is the important thing.

　　Why did this restaurant appear on News Network when it opened?

　　Revealing the 33-year history of "the first joint venture western restaurant" in China after the reform and opening up.

　　When it opened in 1983, the nude female murals copied from the Louvre almost made the restaurant fail to open as scheduled, so people had to draw clothes for it. Leslie Cheung spent his last New Year’s Eve here before his death, and now fans often come to visit … … The Beijing Morning Post reporter learned that Maxim Restaurant, the "first Sino-foreign joint venture western restaurant" in China after the reform and opening up, was born in 1983 and will celebrate its 33rd birthday on the 26th of this month.

　　think that year

　　Maxim’s opening appeared in News Network.

　　Time went back to September 26th, 33 years ago, and the news broadcast that night rarely broadcast the news of the opening of a restaurant, which was Maxim’s restaurant in Chongwenmen. Previously, there were only a few western restaurants in Beijing, such as Moscow Restaurant and Xinqiao Hotel, which mainly operated Russian food. Therefore, Maxim was called "China’s first purely capitalist western restaurant".

　　The history of Maxim restaurant originated in 1893. In 1981, the poorly managed Maxim Restaurant faced bankruptcy and was bought by the famous French designer Pierre Cardin for $1.5 million. The costume master came to China just after the reform and opening up with steaks, foie gras, snails and aristocratic clothes, and came to Chinese, who was dressed in black, white, gray, green and blue traditional clothes and skillfully held jiaozi with chopsticks.

　　At that time, eating a meal in Maxim cost about 150 yuan per capita. At that time, the price in Beijing was like this: a catty of eggs, 1 yuan, a 70 yuan, the most expensive "private car" — — There was about one bicycle in 160 yuan, and the average monthly salary of Beijing workers in that year was 61 yuan. For a long time, ordinary people only dared to sneak a few glances into it by passing by. In the impression of many people, the lights in Maxim’s restaurant are like a dream with colorful glass turnstiles, and there are only black and white around.

　　Naked female murals are forced to "wear" dresses.

　　Now, from Chongwenmen Hotel to the second floor, the bright lights seem to be a romantic candle with the footsteps. Chestnut leaf-shaped chandeliers and wall lamps, gold-plated rattan patterns on the walls and dreamy stained glass windows are reflected in the crystal glass mirror. The short dozens of steps seem to be a tunnel through time and space, with the familiar Beijing outside and the French palace in the 19th century inside.

　　Yan Jinzhe, manager of the restaurant’s catering department, told the Beijing Morning Post that at the beginning of the restaurant’s establishment, the whole tone and style were dominated by French designers, which was basically a "replica" of Paris Maxim. Under the conditions at that time, China workers had not been exposed to western-style decoration technology, and the Japanese engineering team was responsible for the decoration of the restaurant except that the decoration equipment and materials were imported from abroad. Nowadays, Japanese construction marks left in the past can be found on the wall behind some sofas and in the electrical switch boxes.

　　French court style is not only luxurious, but also dreamy and fragrant. Many murals on the wall are copied in the Louvre, and young ladies show off their beautiful bodies. This was defined as "capitalist extravagance" in China at the beginning of reform and opening-up, and restaurants almost failed to open. In order to solve the urgent need, the restaurant staff can only find a large number of gauze curtains to cover all these murals. Later, the restaurant invited teachers and students from the Academy of Fine Arts to "dress" the naked woman in the painting, which has been preserved to this day.

　　Yan Jinzhe said that in the past 33 years, Maxim has only supplemented some glass windows with lost colors, updated some damaged furniture as they are, and replaced some oxidized silver tableware, but the principle followed is to "repair the old as old". This spirit of treating cultural relics has kept Maxim’s restaurant as it was at the beginning of its opening.

　　Leslie Cheung spent the last New Year’s Eve.

　　In 1893, Maxim’s restaurant, which opened in Paris, quickly became a "club" of the upper class in Paris. Charles de Gaulle, Picasso, former US President Johnson and the Queen of England were all guests. In Beijing, Maxim also attracted many celebrities. Moreover, Maxim is the location of many film and television dramas: Maxim’s restaurant has appeared in plays such as The Lion King for Hegemony, The Adventure King and The Golden Powder Family.

　　In the corridor of the dining room, photos left by many famous people such as Jiang Wen, Zhang Yimou, Gong Li, Chen Kaige and Brigitte Lin are hung all over the walls. At that time, the carpet in the middle of the restaurant could be turned into a ballroom after it was opened, and many "parties" were held here. Singer Jiang Xin recalled in "Days with Long Hair Flying" that Maxim Restaurant and later Diplomatic Club were two "holy places" of Chinese rock music. Cui Jian and his rock music were not accepted by the mainstream society at that time, and they could only perform in "minority" places including Maxim. Here, he sang Nothing for the first time.

　　Yan Jinzhe recalled that Leslie Cheung spent his last New Year’s Eve here before his death. "At that time, it was winter, and Leslie Cheung was holding a watermelon produced in panggezhuang and happily showed it to everyone at the scene. He took a photo with almost everyone. He had a good time that night ‘ Hi ’ This is somewhat different from the calmness when he came to the restaurant before. " But no one expected that after a short time, Leslie Cheung jumped down from the 22-storey hotel, and the photo in Maxim’s restaurant became his last image in Beijing. Today, on April 1st every year, fans from all over the world come here to look for Leslie Cheung’s notes in Maxim.

　　recall the past

　　Maxim Executive Chef Shan Chunwei

　　The first batch of French food "international students" studied in France for three months

　　Except that the hardware is almost the same as Maxim’s in Paris, in order to ensure the original flavor of French food, China also sent a "study abroad team" of 9 chefs, 3 waiters and 2 staff to Maxim’s restaurant in Paris to study for three months.

　　Shan Chunwei, 59, is the executive chef of Maxim’s restaurant. In 1983, if Maxim hadn’t entered China, 19-year-old Shan Chunwei might never have thought that he would become a leader in French cuisine. At that time, chefs and waiters, including Shan Chunwei, were gathered together for three months of "intensive training". In addition to the daily French language and professional terms, an important part of the training was the "labor discipline abroad" with distinctive characteristics of the times: you can’t act alone. In terms of dress, because going abroad represents the national image, everyone is required to wear formal clothes. For this reason, Hongdu Fashion Store specially produced a suit of Chinese tunic suit and suit for everyone, while shirts, ties and leather shoes were all purchased in Friendship Store. On May 10th, 1983, the study abroad team came to Paris. The station is arranged in Pierre Cardin Club. There were no beds in the club, so everyone made the floor on the mattress they bought temporarily.

　　Because Maxim’s restaurant in Beijing opened in September, the study time is only three months, and you must learn something. Shan Chunwei recalled that he got up at 4 o’clock every day, and three of them cooked spaghetti for the whole team with an electric stove. The rest got up one after another and took turns using the only bathroom. "After breakfast every day, everyone lines up in straight clothes: the leader is at the front, the translator is at the end, and we walk to Maxim’s restaurant near Concorde Square one kilometer away."

　　nowadays

　　Maxim still cooks the purest French food.

　　Shan Chunwei told reporters that as a pure French restaurant, it is not easy for Maxim to stay in China for 33 years. With or without a French chef, Maxim in Beijing has always adhered to the principle of authentic French food: without any additives, the dishes can taste the original flavor of meat, seafood and vegetables, and the aroma of red wine or brandy used in cooking. "The best embodiment of this is the steak juice, which is baked into golden yellow with Achyranthes bidentata bone, beef tendon and onion, and then boiled in a vat for 48 hours, and then filtered and concentrated. After more than 100 kilograms of ingredients, there is only about 10 kilograms left, and the juice may be more expensive than the steak itself, so many French diners will wipe every drop of soup on the plate with bread after eating the steak." Until now, Shan Chunwei always carries a spoon with him and personally checks whether the steak juice is right.

　　He told reporters that in March this year, French TV stations came to Beijing to shoot "The Road to China, Pierre Cardin" and ate at Maxim’s restaurant at noon. Shan Chunwei specially asked the film crew to determine whether Maxim in Beijing could still meet the standards of Paris. After a group of seven people finished eating, they said "thank you" 10 times in French and Chinese, saying that Maxim in Beijing made very authentic French food.

　　Maxim is still the purest "French style"

　　The reporter learned that Maxim’s restaurant is now a state-owned enterprise, which means it is a pure French restaurant run by Chinese people. Yan Jinzhe said that Maxim’s dishes completely retained the essence of French cuisine, and the menu was almost the same as when it was opened in 1983. 90% of the dishes were the same.

　　Now diners who come to the store can still feel the "gentleman’s style" of traditional French service. Here, all the waiters are men dressed in black tuxedos: the nails should not be out of the edge, the hair style must be inch, the shoes are all black patent leather shoes, the shirts should be changed every day, and there are specialized personnel to wash and iron them. In order to train "gentlemen", Maxim’s waiters’ training materials are all from foreign films, such as Princess Sissi, which is the most frequently played film during training. In addition, they will watch Korean dramas such as Miss Please to learn the housekeeping etiquette.

　　Now Chongwenmen Maxim has also created a brand of "Beijing 1983", focusing on cakes, desserts and coffee. For example, Napoleon Crisps are loved by many diners, and only six or seven plates of Napoleon Crisps can be produced a day, which are basically snapped up before three o’clock every day. At present, there are also online stores and micro-stores, a special distribution team has been set up, and a baking experience classroom has been built in which the public can participate.

　　Kung pao chicken gave the French chef a thumbs up.

　　After arriving at the restaurant, each China chef was assigned a French chef. Shan Chunwei was assigned to the cold dish group. "Chinese speaks French with an accent, and Parisians speak French with an accent, so we can’t understand each other. The master can only take my hand and go directly to the cold storage, telling me what vegetables to take, take a few, or simply gesticulate. " It took about three days, and everyone integrated into the French team and was able to work with French chefs. Ten days later, China chefs can basically operate by themselves under the guidance of the master.

　　Although my job is to deal with delicious food, it is more difficult for China chefs who have only eaten Chinese food before and have a 100% "China stomach" to adapt to western food than to cook it. "We were faced with a table full of French sticks and bloody steaks. I really don’t know where to start. Each of us took a baguette, cut it in the middle, put tomatoes in it, and put some coffee cubes in it to eat together. This made the French at the same table look stupid. "

　　Halfway through the internship, the manager of Maxim’s restaurant found the team leader China, hoping that Chef China could cook a Chinese meal for French chefs who have never been to China. According to the existing ingredients in the restaurant, the chefs in China have customized such a menu: baked home-cooked cakes, kung pao chicken and hot and sour soup. "At that time, cooking this meal almost exhausted us. There was no cauldron, only a small pan of western food." Shan Chunwei said, "But after eating, all French chefs gave thumbs up."

　　The Eiffel Tower model is the only souvenir.

　　Chef China received no salary while studying in France, only 100 francs a month. Shan Chunwei told reporters that at that time, he had a haircut of 90 francs in Paris, drank 7 francs for a bottle of water and smoked 10 francs for a box of cigarettes. "There is a chef who knows how to cut hair, so he will give us a simple haircut." During the usual rest, the resident gate is locked, and the chefs are writing study notes at the resident. Occasionally, people will queue up to visit places of interest in Paris with little free time, but they are reluctant to take the subway when they go out, such as visiting Notre Dame de Paris. Everyone walked several kilometers along the Seine.

　　"Once the designer of Maxim’s restaurant invited chef China to his manor to make beef pies and beef jiaozi for the guests. The guests were very happy and habitually gave tips. But we expressly forbid it. " Later, the tip was sent to the station by enthusiastic the French, and the tour leader insisted on not accepting it. The final compromise was to give each chef a model of the Eiffel Tower. This is almost the only souvenir that all China chefs brought back after going abroad for three months.

　　Maxim opens the door of China western food.

　　On August 9, 1983, a group of "Chef Overseas Students" boarded the plane to return home, which was only over a month before the opening of Beijing Restaurant. In mid-September, eight French chefs who came to Beijing from Paris to "aid" were in place, and "mentoring" met in Maxim, Beijing. "The French side attaches great importance to Maxim’s restaurant in Beijing, and has sent chefs, gold medal waiters, etc. Even the cashiers and cloakroom waiters are the French."

　　Maxim’s restaurant came to China and Beijing. In many people’s eyes, it may just be an upscale restaurant that brought different experiences to the taste buds of Chinese people at that time. However, in Shan Chunwei’s view, with Maxim’s arrival, chefs from China could learn how to make western food in France, which set a precedent and laid a foundation for China’s development and undertaking a number of large-scale events, competitions and conferences. Shan Chunwei participated in the Asian Games in Beijing in 1990, the World Conference on Women, the 2008 Olympic Games and the APEC meeting.

　　At the beginning of reform and opening up, there were almost no western tableware in Beijing. Before going to Paris to study, Shan Chunwei and his colleagues took a set of tableware airlifted from Paris as a sample and looked for manufacturers who could make it. They first found the Jingdezhen ceramic shop at the front door, but they couldn’t do it because the plates were too thick. Finally, they found the Liling ceramic shop in zhushikou, and the manufacturer agreed to undertake it. At that time, there was no manufacturer in Beijing who could make red wine glasses. It happened that the second Chongwen Hotel opposite Chongwenmen Hotel was holding a glassware exhibition, and a glass factory in Chengde promised to make them by hand blowing. Therefore, this manufacturer has become the "originator" of making western-style wine utensils in China, and its business has become prosperous from the brink of bankruptcy.

　　-Extension

　　Those old western restaurants in Beijing

　　● Moscow restaurant

　　Speaking of the old western restaurants in Beijing, we have to mention the Moscow restaurant with a long history of more than 60 years, which is affectionately called "Lao Mo" by the old Beijingers.

　　In 1954, the restaurant invited a master chef from the Soviet Union, and the doormen of the restaurant were all transferred from the military units. The higher authorities also specially distributed woolen pants, hair wax and leather shoes to the waiters in the restaurant, while the waitresses distributed extra perfume, which was almost superior to others.

　　Moscow restaurant is famous for its unique management style and pure taste of Russian western food in Beijing, and also runs English, French, German and Italian western food. The architectural style is not only luxurious and elegant, magnificent and full of Russian sentiment, but also integrates the fashion of modern architecture, fully embodying the artistic conception of nobility, elegance and romance.

　　● Huatian Dadi Restaurant

　　Dadi Restaurant, founded in 1945, is an old-fashioned restaurant that operated western-style dishes earlier in Beijing. It was first located on West Chang ‘an Avenue. Because the cuisine and decoration characteristics are similar to those of Moscow restaurant in Beijing, and it is located in the urban area of Beijing, it is called "the middle and small old man in Beijing".

　　The Russian-style cuisine operated by Dadi Restaurant is characterized by heavy oil, heavy color, heavy oil and thick taste, sweet, sour, spicy and salty, high, medium and low grade, and rich varieties. The dishes are famous for their economic benefits and are called "affordable western restaurants" by the people in Beijing.

　　● Xinqiao Sanbaole Western Restaurant

　　The old state-owned western restaurant, as a Russian-style western food, is a very classic one. The restaurant doesn’t completely copy the Russian style, but on the basis of the decoration with national characteristics, it integrates more local characteristics of China. The signature dishes are red vegetable soup and canned beef. Xinqiao Sanbaole Bakery is also an unforgettable memory for many Beijing children.

　　● Qishilin Western Restaurant

　　The time-honored "Cheshire Forest" is the first western restaurant with a certain scale in China. It was founded in Tianjin in 1901 by the founder of Germany, William Cheshire, and was founded in his own name. It has a history of one hundred years. Not only has it become a famous historical store in Tianjin, but it is also well-known at home and abroad with a prominent reputation.

　　The Chihlin Hotel has received many senior leaders of the party and country, foreign dignitaries, diplomatic envoys, government officials and international friends from more than 100 countries. For nearly a hundred years, it has also been frequented by dignitaries at home and abroad and top figures from all walks of life. The restaurant mainly deals in Russian and German western food, and Beijing Qishilin Western Restaurant opened on December 18th, 1998.

　　Beijing Morning Post reporter

　　Wang Ping/Wen Li Muyi/photo

On the morning of April 8th, at the invitation of Anhui Foreign Experts Bureau and our school, Professor Edvard I. Moser, winner of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, visited our school, accompanied by Pan Yaqun, member of the Party Group of Anhui Human Resources and Social Security Department and director of Anhui Foreign Experts Bureau. Vice President Chen Chusheng met with the guests. Xu Geliang, Dean of the First Affiliated Hospital of our school and Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee, and Professor Shen Yong from the College of Life Sciences attended the meeting.

　

Chen Chusheng first welcomed Professor Edvard I. Moser’s visit and introduced the general situation of the school. Subsequently, the two sides discussed the construction of the school’s life science and medicine department and related issues of brain research.　

　

　

After the talks, Professor Edvard I. Moser gave a report entitled The brain′s navigation system in the multimedia classroom of the third teaching building in the West District. The report was presided over by Professor Shen Yong, and Director Pan Yaqun made a speech before the meeting.　

　

　

Professor Edvard I. Moser vividly demonstrated the importance of the spatial positioning system of the brain to human life in ancient times through animation. Because the composition of the human brain is very complex, and mammals such as mice, rats and squirrel monkeys may have a common ancestor with humans in evolutionary history, and their brain structures are very similar, neuroscientists turned to the simpler mouse or rat brain for research. Then Professor Edvard I. Moser introduced the development history of the research on human brain location system, from the concept of cognitive map was put forward around 1930 to the discovery of location cells in hippocampus by Professor John O′Keefe around 1970. In 2005, Professor Edvard I. Moser’s team discovered another kind of grid cell for localization in the area of the entorhinal cortex near the hippocampus of the brain.　

　

　

Professor Edvard I. Moser emphasized that the localization mechanism of hippocampus and olfactory cortex is completely different. The grid cells in the olfactory cortex can form a consistent and universal map when the environment changes, while the map composed of the position cells in the hippocampus has undergone earth-shaking changes with the environment changes. Therefore, the brain location system has two parts: the accurate location map of grid cells (low-dimensional) and the diversified map of location cells (high-dimensional). From the perspective of evolution, integrating the information of two sets of maps to navigate seems to be an efficient solution for animal navigation system. The distance and direction measured by the grid formed in the medial olfactory cortex will not change as it moves from one compartment to another. On the contrary, the location cells in the hippocampus form an independent map for each individual compartment, which makes it possible to store all kinds of memories. In the entorhinal cortex, in addition to the grid cells, Professor Edvard I. Moser and his colleagues also found the head direction cells, boundary cells and velocity cells, which all serve the system of mapping the world where mammals live. Through a series of experiments and data, Professor Edvard I. Moser showed that there are cells in the medial entorhinal cortex that can sense their own direction and distance from external markers, and discussed the mechanism of the lateral entorhinal cortex to perceive time, and suggested that there may be time cells besides grid cells and position cells.　

　

Finally, Professor Edvard I. Moser pointed out that these studies are helpful for human beings to treat and understand Alzheimer’s disease, and the entorhinal cortex is one of the earliest brain regions in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. This disease causes degeneration of brain cells in the inner olfactory cortex, which eventually leads to cell death, which is consistent with the early symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease-disorientation of space and memory loss. With the increase of life expectancy, the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease is getting higher and higher. Professor Edvard I. Moser called for the joint efforts of related workers all over the world (from basic research to clinic) to cure and study the disease.

　

　

Professor Edvard I. Moser’s report gave us a deep understanding of the study of brain localization system. After the speech, the teachers and students present enthusiastically asked questions and exchanged ideas with Professor Edvard I. Moser.

　

During the visit, Professor Edvard I. Moser and his party visited the Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center and Brain Resource Bank (Brain Aging and Brain Diseases Research Center) of the School of Life Sciences of the University of Science and Technology of China with Professor Shen Yong, and offered their best wishes for the 60th anniversary of our school.　

　

　Edvard I. Moser, born in Norway in 1962, is now a Norwegian psychologist and neuroscientist, and the founding director of the Kafliko Institute of Systems Neuroscience and the Center for Memory Biology of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Mosor and his wife, Mai Britt Mosor, have led a series of cutting-edge research on brain mechanism in the past decades. In 2013, Edward Mosor won the Huo Weici Prize. In 2014, Edvard I. Moser, John O‘Keefe and May-Britt Moser won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.　

　

(Ministry of International Cooperation and Exchange)

(Adopted at the 11th meeting of the 13th the NPC Standing Committee on June 29th, 2019)

Catalogue

　　Chapter I General Principles

　　Chapter II Vaccine Development and Registration

　　Chapter III Vaccine Production and Batch Issuance

　　Chapter IV Vaccine Circulation

　　Chapter V Vaccination

　　Chapter VI Monitoring and Handling of Abnormal Reaction

　　Chapter VII Post-marketing Management of Vaccines

　　Chapter VIII Safeguard Measures

　　Chapter IX Supervision and Administration

　　Chapter X Legal Liability

　　Chapter XI Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I General Principles

　　Article 1 This Law is formulated in order to strengthen vaccine management, ensure vaccine quality and supply, standardize vaccination, promote the development of vaccine industry, safeguard public health and safeguard public health safety.

　　Article 2 This Law shall apply to the development, production, circulation, vaccination and supervision and management of vaccines in People’s Republic of China (PRC). Where there are no provisions in this Law, the provisions of laws and administrative regulations such as the Drug Administration Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases shall apply.

　　The term "vaccine" as mentioned in this Law refers to preventive biological products used for human immunization in order to prevent and control the occurrence and epidemic of diseases, including immunization planned vaccines and non-immunization planned vaccines.

　　Article 3 The state implements the strictest management system for vaccines, and adheres to safety first, risk management, whole-process control, scientific supervision and social co-governance.

　　Article 4 The State adheres to the strategic and public welfare nature of vaccine products.

　　The state supports basic and applied research on vaccines, promotes vaccine research and innovation, and incorporates vaccine research, production and storage for preventing and controlling major diseases into the national strategy.

　　The state formulates development plans and industrial policies for the vaccine industry, supports the development and structural optimization of the vaccine industry, encourages large-scale and intensive vaccine production, and continuously improves the vaccine production technology and quality level.

　　Article 5 The holder of a vaccine marketing license shall strengthen the quality management of the vaccine throughout its life cycle and be responsible for the safety, effectiveness and quality controllability of the vaccine.

　　Units and individuals engaged in vaccine development, production, circulation and vaccination activities shall abide by laws, regulations, rules, standards and norms, ensure that the information in the whole process is true, accurate, complete and traceable, assume responsibilities according to law and accept social supervision.

　　Article 6 The State implements an immunization planning system.

　　Residents living in China have the right to vaccinate the EPI according to law and fulfill the obligation to vaccinate the EPI. The government provides free immunization program vaccines to residents.

　　The people’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall ensure that school-age children are vaccinated with immunization programs. The guardian shall ensure that school-age children are vaccinated with EPI vaccine on time according to law.

　　Article 7 The people’s governments at or above the county level shall incorporate vaccine safety and vaccination into the national economic and social development plan at the corresponding level, strengthen the capacity building of vaccine supervision and management, and establish and improve the working mechanism of vaccine supervision and management.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the supervision and administration of vaccines in their respective administrative areas, and uniformly lead, organize and coordinate the supervision and administration of vaccines in their respective administrative areas.

　　Article 8 The drug supervision and administration department of the State Council is responsible for the supervision and administration of vaccines throughout the country. The competent department of health in the State Council is responsible for the supervision and management of national vaccination. Other relevant departments in the State Council are responsible for the supervision and management related to vaccines within their respective responsibilities.

　　The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be responsible for the supervision and administration of vaccines in their respective administrative areas. The departments responsible for drug supervision and administration of the people’s governments at the municipal and county levels with districts (hereinafter referred to as the drug supervision and administration departments) shall be responsible for the supervision and administration of vaccines in their respective administrative areas. The competent health department of the local people’s government at or above the county level shall be responsible for the supervision and administration of vaccination in this administrative region. Other relevant departments of the local people’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the supervision and administration of vaccines within their respective functions and duties.

　　Article 9 the State Council and the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall establish departmental coordination mechanisms to coordinate the work related to vaccine supervision and management, regularly analyze the vaccine safety situation, strengthen vaccine supervision and management, and ensure vaccine supply.

　　Article 10 The State implements the whole-course electronic traceability system for vaccines.

　　The drug supervision and administration department of the State Council shall, jointly with the health authorities of the State Council, formulate unified standards and norms for vaccine traceability, establish a national collaborative platform for vaccine electronic traceability, and integrate the traceability information of the whole process of vaccine production, circulation and vaccination to realize vaccine traceability.

　　The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall establish a vaccine electronic traceability system, which is connected with the national vaccine electronic traceability collaborative platform, so as to realize the traceability and verifiability of the vaccine in the smallest packaging unit in the whole process of production, circulation and vaccination.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units shall truthfully record vaccine circulation and vaccination according to law, and provide traceability information to the national vaccine electronic traceability collaborative platform in accordance with regulations.

　　Article 11 In the process of vaccine development, production and inspection, we should establish and improve the biosafety management system, strictly control biosafety risks, strengthen biosafety management of pathogenic microorganisms such as bacterial strains, protect the health of operators and the public, and ensure that the use of pathogenic microorganisms such as bacterial strains is legal and legitimate.

　　The history, biological characteristics and generations of bacterial strains and cell strains used in vaccine development, production and inspection shall be clearly defined, and detailed files shall be established to ensure that the sources are legal, clear and traceable; Where the source is unknown, it shall not be used.

　　Article 12 People’s governments at all levels and their relevant departments, disease prevention and control institutions, vaccination units, vaccine marketing license holders and vaccine industry associations shall regularly carry out publicity, education and popularization of vaccine safety laws, regulations and vaccination knowledge through activities such as National Children’s Vaccination Day.

　　The news media should carry out public welfare publicity on vaccine safety laws, regulations and vaccination knowledge, and supervise vaccine violations by public opinion. Publicity and reporting on vaccines should be comprehensive, scientific, objective and fair.

　　Thirteenth vaccine industry associations should strengthen industry self-discipline, establish and improve industry norms, promote the construction of industry credit system, guide and urge members to carry out production and operation activities according to law.

Chapter II Vaccine Development and Registration

　　Article 14 The state shall, according to the epidemic situation of diseases, the immune status of the population and other factors, formulate relevant research and development plans, arrange necessary funds, and support the research and development of new vaccines such as multiple vaccines and multiple vaccines.

　　The state organizes vaccine marketing license holders, scientific research institutions and medical and health institutions to jointly tackle key problems and develop vaccines urgently needed for disease prevention and control.

　　Article 15 The State encourages vaccine marketing license holders to increase investment in research and innovation, optimize production technology, improve quality control level and promote vaccine technology progress.

　　Sixteenth to carry out clinical trials of vaccines shall be approved by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council according to law.

　　Clinical trials of vaccines shall be carried out or organized by tertiary medical institutions or disease prevention and control institutions at or above the provincial level that meet the requirements set by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council and the health authorities of the State Council.

　　The state encourages qualified medical institutions and disease prevention and control institutions to carry out clinical trials of vaccines according to law.

　　Article 17 An applicant for a vaccine clinical trial shall formulate a clinical trial plan, establish a clinical trial safety monitoring and evaluation system, carefully select the subjects, reasonably set the subjects’ groups and age groups, and take effective measures according to the degree of risk to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the subjects.

　　Eighteenth to carry out clinical trials of vaccines, the written informed consent of the subjects shall be obtained; If the subject is a person without civil capacity, he shall obtain the written informed consent of his guardian; If the subject is a person with limited capacity for civil conduct, he shall obtain the written informed consent of himself and his guardian.

　　Nineteenth vaccines listed in China shall be approved by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council and obtain the drug registration certificate; To apply for vaccine registration, true, sufficient and reliable data, materials and samples shall be provided.

　　The State Council pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department shall give priority to the review and approval of vaccines and innovative vaccines urgently needed for disease prevention and control.

　　Twentieth to deal with major public health emergencies in urgent need of vaccines or other vaccines identified by the health authorities in the State Council, the benefits outweigh the risks, the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council can conditionally approve the application for vaccine registration.

　　In case of particularly serious public health emergencies or other emergencies that seriously threaten public health, the health authorities in the State Council put forward suggestions for emergency use of vaccines according to the needs of prevention and control of infectious diseases, which can be used urgently within a certain scope and time limit with the consent of the drug supervision and administration department in the State Council.

　　Twenty-first the State Council pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments shall, when approving the application for vaccine registration, approve the production technology, quality control standards, instructions and labels of the vaccine.

　　The drug supervision and administration department of the State Council shall timely publish the contents of vaccine instructions and labels on its website.

Chapter III Vaccine Production and Batch Issuance

　　Article 22 The State implements a strict access system for vaccine production.

　　To engage in vaccine production activities, it shall be approved by the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level and obtain a pharmaceutical production license.

　　To engage in vaccine production activities, in addition to meeting the requirements of drug production activities stipulated in the Drug Administration Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the following conditions shall also be met:

　　(1) Having a moderate scale and sufficient production capacity reserve;

　　(2) Having systems, facilities and equipment to ensure biological safety;

　　(3) meeting the needs of disease prevention and control.

　　The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall have the vaccine production capacity; If it is really necessary to entrust production beyond the vaccine production capacity, it shall be approved by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council. Those who accept commissioned production shall abide by the provisions of this law and the relevant provisions of the state to ensure the quality of vaccines.

　　Article 23 The legal representative and principal responsible person of the vaccine marketing license holder shall have a good credit record, and the personnel in key positions such as the person in charge of production management, the person in charge of quality management and the person authorized by quality shall have relevant professional background and working experience.

　　The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall strengthen the training and assessment of the personnel specified in the preceding paragraph, and report their positions and changes to the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in a timely manner.

　　Article 24 Vaccines shall be produced and inspected according to the approved production technology and quality control standards, and the whole production process shall meet the requirements of good manufacturing practice.

　　The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall, in accordance with the provisions, review and inspect the whole process of vaccine production and vaccine quality.

　　Article 25 The holder of vaccine marketing license shall establish a complete production quality management system, continuously strengthen deviation management, and truthfully record all data formed in the production and inspection process by means of information technology to ensure that the whole production process continues to meet the statutory requirements.

　　Article 26 The State implements the system of batch issuance of vaccines.

　　Before each batch of vaccine is sold or imported, it shall be audited and tested by the batch issuing agency designated by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council in accordance with the relevant technical requirements. If it meets the requirements, a batch issuance certificate will be issued; Do not meet the requirements, issued a notice of disapproval.

　　Vaccines that are not issued in batches shall not be sold, and shall be destroyed under the supervision of the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government; The imported vaccines that are not issued in batches shall be destroyed under the supervision of the drug supervision and administration department at the port location or otherwise handled according to law.

　　The State Council pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments and batch issuing institutions shall publish the batch issuing results of listed vaccines in time for public inquiry.

　　Article 27 To apply for batch issuance of vaccines, the batch issuing institution shall be provided with the batch production and inspection records, abstracts and other materials, and samples of products with the same batch number. Imported vaccines shall also provide certificates of origin and batch issuance; In case of exemption from batch issuance in the country of origin, a certificate of exemption from batch issuance shall be provided.

　　Twenty-eighth to prevent and control the epidemic situation of infectious diseases or to deal with emergencies, the vaccine is approved by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council, and is exempted from batch issuance.

　　Twenty-ninth batches of vaccines should be issued batch by batch for data review and sampling inspection. The inspection items and inspection frequency of vaccine batch issuance shall be dynamically adjusted according to the risk assessment of vaccine quality.

　　If there are doubts about the authenticity of the application materials or samples for vaccine batch issuance, or there are other situations that need further verification, the batch issuing institution shall verify them, and if necessary, organize on-site verification by means of on-site sampling inspection.

　　Thirtieth batch issuing institutions found that there are significant quality risks in the process of batch issuance of vaccines, it shall promptly report to the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the State Council and the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government.

　　The department that receives the report shall immediately conduct on-site inspection on the vaccine marketing license holder, notify the batch issuing institution not to approve or suspend the batch issuance of the relevant products or all products of the vaccine marketing license holder according to the inspection results, and order the vaccine marketing license holder to rectify. The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall immediately rectify and report the rectification to the department that ordered it to rectify in time.

　　Article 31 The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall truthfully record the production process deviation, quality difference, faults and accidents in the production process and the measures taken, and specify them in the documents issued by the corresponding batch of products; If the quality of the vaccine may be affected, the holder of the vaccine marketing license shall take immediate measures and report to the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

Chapter IV Vaccine Circulation

　　Article 32 The national immunization program vaccine shall be subject to centralized bidding or unified negotiation by the competent health department of the State Council in conjunction with the financial department of the State Council, and the winning bid price or transaction price shall be formed and announced, and all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall implement unified procurement.

　　Other EPI vaccines and non-EPI vaccines other than the national EPI vaccines are purchased by provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government through provincial public resource trading platforms.

　　Article 33 The price of vaccine shall be set by the holder of vaccine marketing license independently and reasonably according to law. The price level, price difference rate and profit rate of vaccines should be kept within a reasonable range.

　　Article 34 Provincial institutions for disease prevention and control shall, according to the national immunization program and the needs of disease prevention and control in their respective administrative areas, formulate plans for vaccine use in immunization programs in their respective administrative areas, and report to the departments that organize vaccine procurement in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, and at the same time report to the health authorities of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government for the record.

　　Thirty-fifth vaccine marketing license holders should supply vaccines to disease prevention and control institutions in accordance with the procurement contract.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions shall supply vaccines to vaccination units in accordance with regulations.

　　Units and individuals other than disease prevention and control institutions shall not supply vaccines to vaccination units, and vaccination units shall not receive the vaccines.

　　Article 36 The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall distribute the vaccine to the disease prevention and control institution or the inoculation unit designated by the disease prevention and control institution in accordance with the purchase contract.

　　Vaccine marketing license holders and disease prevention and control institutions shall have the conditions for cold chain storage and transportation of vaccines, and may also entrust qualified vaccine distribution units to distribute vaccines.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions can charge storage and transportation fees for the distribution of non-immunization-planned vaccines. The specific measures shall be formulated by the financial department of the State Council in conjunction with the competent price department of the State Council, and the charging standards shall be formulated by the competent price department of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in conjunction with the financial department.

　　Thirty-seventh disease prevention and control institutions, vaccination units, vaccine marketing license holders and vaccine distribution units shall abide by the management norms of vaccine storage and transportation to ensure the quality of vaccines.

　　Vaccines should be in the specified temperature environment during the whole process of storage and transportation, and the cold chain storage and transportation should meet the requirements, and the temperature should be monitored and recorded regularly.

　　The management standards for vaccine storage and transportation are jointly formulated by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council and the health department of the State Council.

　　Article 38 When selling vaccines, the holder of the vaccine marketing license shall provide a copy of the batch issuance certificate or an electronic document stamped with his seal; Sales of imported vaccines, should also provide a copy of the customs clearance form for imported drugs or electronic documents stamped with its seal.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units shall, when receiving or purchasing vaccines, obtain the supporting documents specified in the preceding paragraph and keep them for future reference for not less than five years after the expiration of the vaccine.

　　Article 39 The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall, in accordance with the regulations, establish a true, accurate and complete sales record and keep it for future reference for not less than five years after the expiration of the vaccine.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions, vaccination units and vaccine distribution units shall, in accordance with regulations, establish true, accurate and complete records of receipt, purchase, storage, distribution and supply, and keep them for future reference for not less than five years after the expiration of the vaccine.

　　When the disease prevention and control institutions and inoculation units receive or purchase vaccines, they shall obtain the temperature monitoring records of the whole process of transportation and storage, and keep them for future reference for not less than five years after the expiration of the vaccine; If the temperature monitoring records of the whole transportation and storage process cannot be provided or the temperature control does not meet the requirements, it shall not be accepted or purchased, and it shall immediately report to the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department and the health department of the local people’s government at or above the county level.

　　Article 40 Disease prevention and control institutions and inoculation entities shall establish a system of regular inspection of vaccines, and take measures such as isolated storage and setting warning signs for vaccines with unrecognizable packaging, unqualified storage temperature, and expiration date, and dispose of them in accordance with the provisions of the State Council drug supervision and administration department, health department and ecological environment department. Disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units shall truthfully record the disposal situation, and the disposal records shall be kept for future reference for not less than five years after the expiration of the vaccine.

Chapter V Vaccination

　　Forty-first the State Council health authorities to develop a national immunization program; The types of vaccines under the National Immunization Program shall be drawn up by the competent health department of the State Council in conjunction with the financial department of the State Council, and published after being approved by the State Council.

　　The competent department of health in the State Council established the national immunization program expert advisory committee, and established the dynamic adjustment mechanism of vaccine types in the national immunization program together with the financial department of the State Council.

　　The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, when implementing the national immunization program, increase the types of vaccines for immunization programs according to the needs of disease prevention and control in their respective administrative areas, and report them to the health authorities in the State Council for the record and publication.

　　Forty-second the State Council health authorities should formulate and publish vaccination work norms, and strengthen the standardized management of vaccination.

　　The competent department of health in the State Council shall formulate and publish the immunization procedures of the national immunization program vaccine and the guiding principles for the use of the non-immunization program vaccine.

　　The competent health authorities of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall formulate vaccination plans in light of the actual conditions of their respective administrative regions and report them to the competent health authorities of the State Council for the record.

　　Forty-third disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall, according to their respective responsibilities, carry out publicity, training, technical guidance, monitoring, evaluation, epidemiological investigation and emergency response related to vaccination.

　　Article 44 An inoculation entity shall meet the following conditions:

　　(1) Obtaining the practice license of a medical institution;

　　(2) Having doctors, nurses or rural doctors who have received professional vaccination training organized by the health authorities of the people’s government at the county level and passed the examination;

　　(3) Having cold storage facilities, equipment and a cold storage system that meet the management standards for vaccine storage and transportation.

　　The competent health department of the local people’s government at or above the county level shall designate qualified medical institutions to undertake the immunization program vaccination work in the responsible area. Eligible medical institutions can undertake non-immunization vaccination work, and shall report to the competent health department that issued the practice license of their medical institutions for the record.

　　Vaccination units should strengthen internal management, and carry out vaccination work should abide by vaccination work norms, immunization procedures, vaccine use guidelines and vaccination programs.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall strengthen the technical guidance on vaccination work of vaccination units and the management of vaccine use.

　　Article 45 When carrying out vaccination, medical and health personnel shall inform the recipients or their guardians of the varieties, functions, contraindications, adverse reactions, on-site observation and other matters needing attention, inquire about the health status of the recipients and whether there are any contraindications to vaccination, and record the information truthfully. The recipient or his guardian shall truthfully provide the health status and vaccination contraindications of the recipient. If vaccination is forbidden, medical and health personnel shall give medical advice to the recipient or his guardian, and truthfully record the medical advice.

　　Before vaccination, medical and health personnel should check the health status of the recipients, check the vaccination contraindications, check the vaccination certificate, check the appearance, batch number and expiration date of the vaccine and syringe, check the name and age of the recipients and the name, specification, dosage, vaccination site and vaccination route of the vaccine, and ensure that the recipients, vaccination certificate and vaccine information are consistent before vaccination can be implemented.

　　Medical and health personnel shall vaccinate the recipients who meet the vaccination conditions. In case of adverse reactions of the seed recipients during the on-site observation, medical and health personnel shall take timely treatment and other measures in accordance with the requirements of vaccination work norms.

　　Article 46 Medical and health personnel shall truthfully, accurately and completely record the vaccination information such as the vaccine variety, the identification information of the marketing license holder, the smallest packaging unit, the expiration date, the vaccination time, the medical and health personnel who carried out the vaccination, the recipients, etc. in accordance with the regulations of the health authorities in the State Council, so as to ensure that the vaccination information can be traced and inquired. Vaccination records shall be kept for no less than five years after the expiration of the vaccine.

　　Article 47 The state practices a vaccination certificate system for children. Within one month after a child is born, his guardian shall apply for a vaccination certificate at the vaccination unit or the birth hospital where the child lives. The vaccination unit or the hospital of birth shall not refuse to handle it. The guardian shall properly keep the vaccination certificate.

　　Vaccination shall be administered by the place of residence. During the period when children leave their original place of residence, the vaccination unit undertaking vaccination at the current place of residence shall be responsible for vaccination.

　　The format of vaccination certificate shall be stipulated by the competent health department of the State Council.

　　Article 48 When children enter kindergartens and schools, nursery institutions and schools should check their vaccination certificates. If they find that they have not been vaccinated in accordance with the regulations, they should report to the vaccination unit where the children live or where the nursery institutions and schools are located, and cooperate with the vaccination unit to urge their guardians to replant in accordance with the regulations. Disease prevention and control institutions shall provide technical guidance for kindergartens and schools to check vaccination certificates.

　　Measures for the inspection of children’s nursery and school vaccination certificates shall be formulated by the competent department of health of the State Council in conjunction with the administrative department of education of the State Council.

　　Forty-ninth vaccination units shall not charge any fees for vaccination.

　　Inoculation units can charge vaccination service fees in addition to vaccine fees for non-immunization programs. The charging standards for vaccination service fees shall be formulated by the competent price departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in conjunction with the financial departments.

　　Article 50 The competent health department of the local people’s government at or above the county level may, according to the information of infectious disease monitoring and early warning, report to the people’s government at the corresponding level for decision and report to the competent health department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level for the record, and carry out mass vaccination in the administrative area.

　　If it is necessary to carry out mass vaccination nationwide or across provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, it shall be decided by the health authorities in the State Council.

　　The local people’s government at or above the county level or the competent department of health in the State Council, which has made the decision on mass vaccination, shall organize the relevant departments to do a good job in personnel training, publicity and education, and material mobilization.

　　No unit or individual may carry out mass vaccination without authorization.

　　Article 51 If the local people’s governments at or above the county level or their health authorities need to take emergency vaccination measures during the outbreak and epidemic of infectious diseases, it shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations.

Chapter VI Monitoring and Handling of Abnormal Reaction

　　Article 52 The term "abnormal reaction to vaccination" refers to the adverse drug reaction that a qualified vaccine causes damage to the tissues, organs and functions of the recipient during or after the implementation of standardized vaccination, and all parties concerned are not at fault.

　　The following situations do not belong to the abnormal reaction of vaccination:

　　(a) the general reaction after vaccination caused by the characteristics of the vaccine itself;

　　(2) Damage caused to the recipients due to vaccine quality problems;

　　(three) the damage caused to the recipients by the vaccination unit’s violation of the vaccination work norms, immunization procedures, guiding principles for vaccine use, and vaccination programs;

　　(four) the recipient is in the incubation period or precursor period of a disease at the time of inoculation, and the disease is coupled after inoculation;

　　(5) The recipient has vaccination contraindications specified in the vaccine instructions, and the recipient or his guardian failed to truthfully provide the health status and vaccination contraindications of the recipient before vaccination, and the original disease of the recipient has an acute recurrence or aggravation after vaccination;

　　(6) Psychogenic reactions of individuals or groups due to psychological factors.

　　Article 53 The State shall strengthen the monitoring of abnormal reactions to vaccination. The monitoring plan for abnormal reaction of vaccination shall be formulated by the competent health department of the State Council in conjunction with the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council.

　　Fifty-fourth vaccination units, medical institutions and other suspected abnormal reactions to vaccination shall report to the disease prevention and control institutions in accordance with regulations.

　　The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall set up a special institution with full-time staff to actively collect, track and analyze the suspected abnormal vaccination reactions, take timely risk control measures, report the suspected abnormal vaccination reactions to the disease prevention and control institutions, and submit the quality analysis report to the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

　　Article 55 In case of suspected abnormal reaction to vaccination, the disease prevention and control institutions shall report it in time according to the regulations, organize investigation and diagnosis, and inform the recipients or their guardians of the conclusions of the investigation and diagnosis. If the conclusion of the investigation and diagnosis is controversial, you can apply for appraisal according to the appraisal method formulated by the competent department of health in the State Council.

　　Due to vaccination, the recipient dies, is severely disabled, or has a significant impact on the society, such as group suspected vaccination abnormal reaction. The competent health department and drug supervision and administration department of the people’s government at or above the municipal level with districts shall, according to their respective functions and duties, organize investigation and handling.

　　Article 56 The state practices a compensation system for abnormal reactions to vaccination. In the process of vaccination or after vaccination, the recipient’s death, serious disability, organ and tissue damage and other damages are abnormal reactions to vaccination or cannot be ruled out, and compensation should be given. The scope of compensation shall be managed by catalogue and dynamically adjusted according to the actual situation.

　　The compensation expenses required for immunization planning vaccine shall be arranged by the financial departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in the vaccination funds; The compensation expenses required for vaccination of non-EPI vaccines shall be borne by the holders of relevant vaccine marketing licenses. The state encourages people who have received abnormal vaccination to be compensated through commercial insurance and other forms.

　　Compensation for abnormal reaction of vaccination should be timely, convenient and reasonable. The scope, standards and procedures of compensation for abnormal reaction of vaccination shall be stipulated by the State Council, and the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall formulate specific implementation measures.

Chapter VII Post-marketing Management of Vaccines

　　Article 57 The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall establish and improve the quality management system of the whole life cycle of the vaccine, formulate and implement the post-marketing risk management plan of the vaccine, conduct post-marketing research of the vaccine, and further confirm the safety, effectiveness and quality controllability of the vaccine.

　　For vaccines that require further research when approving the application for vaccine registration, the vaccine marketing license holder shall complete the research within the prescribed time limit; If the research is not completed within the time limit or it cannot be proved that the benefits outweigh the risks, the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council shall handle it according to law until the drug registration certificate of the vaccine is cancelled.

　　Fifty-eighth vaccine marketing license holders should carry out quality tracking analysis of vaccines, continuously improve quality control standards, improve production processes, and improve the stability of production processes.

　　If the production process, production site and key equipment are changed, it shall be evaluated and verified, and filed or reported in accordance with the provisions of the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council on change management; Changes that may affect the safety, effectiveness and quality controllability of vaccines shall be approved by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council.

　　Article 59 The holder of a vaccine marketing license shall continuously update the instructions and labels according to the post-marketing research and abnormal reaction of vaccination, and apply for approval or filing in accordance with regulations.

　　The State Council drug supervision and administration department shall publish the updated vaccine instructions and labels on its website in time.

　　Article 60 The holder of a vaccine marketing license shall establish a system of retrospective analysis and risk reporting of vaccine quality, and truthfully report the production and circulation of vaccine, post-marketing research and risk management to the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council every year according to regulations.

　　Article 61 The drug supervision and administration department of the State Council may, according to the actual situation, order the holder of vaccine marketing license to carry out post-marketing evaluation or directly organize post-marketing evaluation.

　　The drug supervision and administration department of the State Council shall cancel the drug registration certificate of the vaccine that has a serious abnormal reaction to vaccination or is harmful to human health for other reasons.

　　Article 62 The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the State Council may, according to the needs of disease prevention and control and the development of vaccine industry, organize post-marketing evaluation of vaccine varieties. If it is found that the product design, production process, safety, effectiveness or quality controllability of this vaccine variety are obviously inferior to other vaccine varieties for preventing and controlling the same disease, it shall cancel the drug registration certificates of all vaccines of this variety and abolish the corresponding national drug standards.

Chapter VIII Safeguard Measures

　　Sixty-third people’s governments at or above the county level shall include the funds needed for vaccine safety, purchase of planned vaccines for immunization, vaccination and information construction in the government budget at the corresponding level to ensure the implementation of the immunization planning system.

　　The people’s government at the county level shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, grant subsidies to rural doctors and other primary medical and health personnel engaged in vaccination work.

　　The state supports vaccination work in economically underdeveloped areas according to needs. The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and the people’s governments at the municipal level divided into districts shall give necessary financial subsidies to the people’s governments at the county level in economically underdeveloped areas to carry out the work related to vaccination.

　　Article 64 The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall, according to the epidemic trend of infectious diseases in their respective administrative areas, determine the projects related to vaccination within the scope of infectious disease prevention and control projects determined by the health authorities in the State Council, and ensure the implementation of the projects.

　　Article 65 The competent health authorities of the State Council shall provide the vaccine marketing license holders with information on the vaccine demand of the national immunization program according to the vaccine use plans of the national immunization programs of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and the vaccine marketing license holders shall make reasonable arrangements for production according to the vaccine demand information.

　　When there is a risk of vaccine supply shortage, the health authorities in the State Council and the drug supervision and administration departments in the State Council put forward suggestions, and the departments in charge of industry and information technology in the State Council and the finance department in the State Council should take effective measures to ensure vaccine production and supply.

　　The holder of vaccine marketing license shall organize production according to law to ensure vaccine supply; If the holder of the vaccine marketing license stops vaccine production, it shall report to the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council or the drug supervision and administration department of the people’s government of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government in time.

　　Article 66 The State shall include vaccines in the strategic material reserve, and implement the reserve at the central and provincial levels.

　　The competent department of industry and information technology in the State Council and the financial department shall, jointly with the health authorities, public security departments, market supervision and management departments and drug supervision and management departments in the State Council, strengthen the production capacity and product management of vaccine reserves and establish a dynamic adjustment mechanism according to the needs of disease prevention, control and public health emergency preparedness.

　　Sixty-seventh financial arrangements at all levels for vaccination funds should be earmarked, and no unit or individual may misappropriate or occupy them.

　　The relevant units and individuals shall accept the audit supervision of audit institutions in accordance with the law when using the funds for vaccination.

　　Article 68 The State implements a compulsory vaccine liability insurance system.

　　The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall take out compulsory vaccine liability insurance in accordance with the regulations. If the vaccine quality problem causes damage to the recipient, the insurance company shall pay compensation within the insured liability limit.

　　The specific measures for the implementation of the compulsory vaccine liability insurance system shall be formulated by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council in conjunction with the health authorities of the State Council and the insurance supervision and administration institutions.

　　Article 69 When an infectious disease breaks out and is prevalent, the holder of the relevant vaccine marketing license shall timely produce and supply vaccines for preventing and controlling infectious diseases. Transportation units should give priority to the transportation of vaccines for the prevention and control of infectious diseases. The people’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall do a good job in organization, coordination and guarantee.

Chapter IX Supervision and Administration

　　Article 70 The drug supervision and administration department and the competent health department shall, according to their respective functions and duties, supervise and manage the whole process of vaccine development, production, circulation and vaccination, and supervise the holders of vaccine marketing license, disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units to perform their obligations according to law.

　　The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments shall supervise and inspect the quality of vaccines in vaccine development, production, storage, transportation and vaccination according to law. Health authorities shall supervise and inspect the implementation of immunization planning system and vaccination activities according to law.

　　The drug supervision and administration department shall strengthen the on-site inspection of vaccine marketing license holders; When necessary, units and individuals that provide products or services for vaccine development, production, circulation and other activities may be subject to extended inspection; The relevant units and individuals shall cooperate and shall not refuse or conceal.

　　Article 71 The state builds a team of professional and specialized drug inspectors at the central and provincial levels, and strengthens the supervision and inspection of vaccines.

　　The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall send inspectors to the holders of vaccine marketing licenses. Inspectors are responsible for supervising and inspecting the implementation of good manufacturing practice, collecting clues about vaccine quality risks and violations of laws and regulations, reporting the situation to the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and making suggestions, and being responsible for the behavior during their stationing.

　　Article 72 If there are potential safety hazards in vaccine quality management, and the holder of vaccine marketing license fails to take timely measures to eliminate them, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department may take measures such as responsibility interview and rectification within a time limit.

　　Serious violation of drug-related quality management norms, the drug supervision and administration department shall order the suspension of vaccine production, sales and distribution, and immediately rectify; After the rectification is completed, production, sales and distribution can only be resumed if the drug supervision and administration department checks that it meets the requirements.

　　The drug supervision and administration department shall establish a credit record system for vaccine marketing license holders and their related personnel, incorporate it into the national credit information sharing platform, publicize their serious dishonesty information in accordance with the regulations, and implement joint punishment.

　　Article 73 If there are or are suspected to be quality problems with vaccines, the vaccine marketing license holders, disease prevention and control institutions and inoculation entities shall immediately stop selling, distributing and using, and stop production if necessary, and report to the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments and health authorities of the people’s governments at or above the county level in accordance with regulations. The competent health department shall immediately organize disease prevention and control institutions and inoculation units to take necessary emergency measures and report to the competent health department of the people’s government at a higher level. The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department shall take measures such as sealing up and detaining according to law. For vaccines that have been sold, the holder of the vaccine marketing license shall promptly notify the relevant disease prevention and control institutions, vaccine distribution units and inoculation units, recall them in accordance with regulations, and truthfully record the recall and notification, and the disease prevention and control institutions, vaccine distribution units and inoculation units shall cooperate.

　　If the production, sale, distribution, use or recall of vaccines are not stopped in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments and health authorities of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall, according to their respective functions and duties, order them to stop production, sale, distribution, use or recall of vaccines.

　　Vaccine marketing license holders, disease prevention and control institutions, and vaccination units shall not conceal, falsely report, delay reporting or omit reporting vaccines that have or are suspected to have quality problems, and shall not conceal, forge or destroy relevant evidence.

　　Article 74 The holder of a vaccine marketing license shall establish an information disclosure system, and timely disclose information such as vaccine product information, instructions and labels, implementation of relevant quality management standards for drugs, batch issuance, recall, acceptance of inspection and punishment, and compulsory insurance for vaccine liability on its website in accordance with regulations.

　　Article 75 The drug supervision and administration department of the State Council shall establish an information sharing mechanism on vaccine quality and vaccination together with the health authorities of the State Council.

　　The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments and health authorities of the people’s governments at or above the provincial level shall organize vaccine marketing license holders, disease prevention and control institutions, vaccination units, news media, scientific research units, etc. to exchange information on vaccine quality and vaccination in accordance with the principles of science, objectivity, timeliness and openness.

　　Article 76 The State implements a unified system for publishing vaccine safety information.

　　Vaccine safety risk warning information, major vaccine safety accidents and their investigation and handling information, and other vaccine safety information determined by the State Council that needs to be published uniformly shall be published by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council jointly with relevant departments. The national report on the abnormal reaction to vaccination shall be uniformly published by the competent health department of the State Council in conjunction with the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council. The above information shall not be released without authorization. The release of major vaccine safety information should be timely, accurate and comprehensive, and scientific evaluation should be made in accordance with the provisions, and necessary explanations should be made.

　　The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall immediately verify and analyze the vaccine safety information that may mislead the public and public opinion, in conjunction with the health authorities and other relevant departments, professional institutions and relevant vaccine marketing license holders, and publish the results in a timely manner.

　　No unit or individual may fabricate or disseminate false vaccine safety information.

　　Article 77 Any unit or individual has the right to know vaccine information according to law and put forward opinions and suggestions on vaccine supervision and management.

　　Any unit or individual has the right to report vaccine violations to the health authorities, drug supervision and administration departments and other departments, and to report to the people’s government at the same level or higher level and its relevant departments and supervisory organs if the health authorities, drug supervision and administration departments and their staff fail to perform their supervisory and administrative duties according to law. The relevant departments and organs shall promptly verify and deal with it; Reward informants for verified reports in accordance with regulations; Informants who report serious illegal acts of their units and verify them are rewarded handsomely.

　　Article 78 The people’s governments at or above the county level shall formulate emergency plans for vaccine safety incidents, and stipulate the classification of vaccine safety incidents, the organization and command system and responsibilities for handling, the prevention and early warning mechanism, the handling procedures and emergency safeguard measures.

　　The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall formulate a plan for handling vaccine safety incidents, regularly check the implementation of various preventive measures, and eliminate potential safety hazards in time.

　　In the event of a vaccine safety incident, the holder of the vaccine marketing license shall immediately report to the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council or the drug supervision and administration department of the people’s government of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government; Disease prevention and control institutions, vaccination units and medical institutions shall immediately report to the health authorities and drug supervision and administration departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level. The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department shall, jointly with the health authorities, set up a command organization for handling vaccine safety incidents in accordance with the provisions of the emergency plan, carry out medical treatment, risk control, investigation and handling, information release, explanation and other work, and do a good job in the aftermath of replanting. The cost of replanting vaccine safety incidents caused by quality problems shall be borne by the holder of vaccine marketing license.

　　The relevant units and individuals shall not conceal, falsely report, delay reporting or omit reporting vaccine safety incidents, and shall not conceal, forge or destroy relevant evidence.

Chapter X Legal Liability

　　Article 79 Whoever violates the provisions of this Law and constitutes a crime shall be severely investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.

　　Article 80 If the vaccines produced and sold belong to counterfeit drugs, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall confiscate the illegal income, vaccines produced and sold illegally, raw materials, auxiliary materials, packaging materials, equipment and other articles specially used for illegal vaccine production, order it to stop production and business for rectification, revoke the pharmaceutical registration certificate until the pharmaceutical production license is revoked, and impose a fine of not less than 15 times but not more than 50 times the value of vaccines produced and sold illegally. If the value of vaccines is less than 500,000 yuan, it shall be calculated as 500,000 yuan.

　　If the vaccines produced and sold are inferior drugs, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall confiscate the illegal income and vaccines produced and sold illegally, as well as raw materials, auxiliary materials, packaging materials, equipment and other items specially used for illegal vaccine production, order it to stop production and business for rectification, and impose a fine of not less than 10 times but not more than 30 times the value of vaccines produced and sold illegally. If the value is less than 500,000 yuan, it shall be calculated as 500,000 yuan. If the circumstances are serious, the drug registration certificate shall be revoked until the drug production license is revoked.

　　If the vaccines produced and sold are fake drugs, or the vaccines produced and sold are inferior drugs and the circumstances are serious, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall confiscate the income earned by the unit during the illegal act, impose a fine of more than one time and less than ten times the income earned, prohibit the pharmaceutical production and business activities for life, and be detained by the public security organ for more than five days and less than fifteen days.

　　Article 81 Under any of the following circumstances, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall confiscate the illegal income and vaccines illegally produced and sold, as well as raw materials, auxiliary materials, packaging materials, equipment and other articles specially used for illegal vaccine production, order it to stop production and business for rectification, and impose a fine of not less than 15 times but not more than 50 times the value of illegally produced and sold vaccines. If the value is less than 500,000 yuan, it shall be calculated as 500,000 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, the relevant drug approval documents shall be revoked until the drug production license is revoked. The legal representative, principal responsible person, directly responsible person in charge, key position personnel and other responsible personnel shall be confiscated, and they shall be fined more than 50% but less than 10 times of the income earned. They shall be prohibited from engaging in drug production and business activities for ten years until life, and shall be detained by public security organs for more than five days and less than fifteen days:

　　(1) Providing false data, materials, samples or committing other deceptive acts when applying for clinical trials, registration and batch issuance of vaccines;

　　(two) fabricating production and inspection records or changing the batch number of products;

　　(3) Units or individuals other than disease prevention and control institutions supply vaccines to vaccination units;

　　(four) commissioned the production of vaccines without approval;

　　(five) the production process, production site, key equipment and other changes in accordance with the provisions should be approved without approval;

　　(6) Updating vaccine instructions and labels shall be approved without approval according to regulations.

　　Article 82 Unless otherwise provided for in this Law, if the holder of vaccine marketing license or any other unit violates the relevant quality control standards of drugs, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections and give it a warning; Refuses to correct, a fine of two hundred thousand yuan and five hundred thousand yuan; If the circumstances are serious, a fine of not less than 500,000 yuan but not more than 3 million yuan shall be imposed, and the company shall be ordered to suspend production and business for rectification until the relevant drug approval documents and drug production licenses are revoked. The legal representative, principal responsible person, directly responsible person in charge, personnel in key positions and other responsible personnel shall be confiscated from their own units during the illegal act, and a fine of not less than 50% but not more than 5 times shall be imposed, and they shall be prohibited from engaging in drug production and business activities for ten years until life.

　　Article 83 If a holder of a vaccine marketing license violates the provisions of this Law in any of the following circumstances, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall order him to make corrections and give him a warning; Refuses to correct, a fine of two hundred thousand yuan and five hundred thousand yuan; If the circumstances are serious, it shall be ordered to suspend production and business for rectification, and a fine of not less than 500,000 yuan but not more than 2 million yuan shall be imposed:

　　(1) Failing to establish an electronic traceability system for vaccines as required;

　　(two) the legal representative, the main person in charge, the person in charge of production management, the person in charge of quality management, the quality authorized person and other key positions do not meet the prescribed conditions or fail to carry out training and assessment in accordance with the provisions;

　　(3) Failing to report or put on record as required;

　　(4) Failing to carry out post-marketing research in accordance with the regulations, or failing to set up institutions and staff in accordance with the regulations to actively collect, track and analyze suspected abnormal reactions to vaccination;

　　(5) Failing to take out compulsory vaccine liability insurance as required;

　　(six) the information disclosure system is not established in accordance with the provisions.

　　Article 84 If a batch issuing institution violates the provisions of this Law in any of the following circumstances, the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council shall order it to make corrections and give it a warning, and the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given a warning according to law until demotion:

　　(1) Failing to conduct examination and inspection in accordance with the provisions;

　　(2) Failing to announce the results of batch issuance of vaccines on the market in time;

　　(3) Failing to verify in accordance with the provisions;

　　(4) Failing to report the major quality risks of the vaccine as required.

　　If, in violation of the provisions of this Law, the batch issuing institution fails to issue a batch issuing certificate or refuses to issue a batch issuing notice in accordance with the provisions, the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council shall order it to make corrections, give it a warning, and demote or dismiss the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel according to law; If the circumstances are serious, the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be dismissed according to law.

　　Article 85 If disease prevention and control institutions, inoculation units, vaccine marketing license holders and vaccine distribution units violate the requirements of cold chain storage and transportation in the management norms for vaccine storage and transportation, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order them to make corrections, give them a warning, destroy the illegally stored and transported vaccines and confiscate their illegal income; Refuses to correct, the vaccination units, vaccine marketing license holders, vaccine distribution units at more than two hundred thousand yuan to one million yuan fine; If the circumstances are serious, the vaccination units, vaccine marketing license holders and vaccine distribution units shall be fined for illegally storing and transporting vaccines for more than 10 times and less than 30 times. If the value is less than 100,000 yuan, the vaccine marketing license holders and vaccine distribution units shall be ordered to stop production and suspend business for rectification until the relevant approval documents and drug production licenses are revoked, and the legal representatives, principals and direct responsibilities of the vaccine marketing license holders and vaccine distribution units shall be directly responsible.

　　If the disease prevention and control institutions and inoculation units commit illegal acts as prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the competent health department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall give a warning to the main person in charge, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel according to law until they are dismissed, and order the responsible medical and health personnel to suspend their practice activities for more than one year and less than 18 months; If serious consequences are caused, the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be dismissed according to law, and the inoculation qualification of the inoculation unit may be revoked, and the practice certificate of the responsible medical and health personnel shall be revoked by the original issuing department.

　　Article 86 If disease prevention and control institutions, inoculation entities, vaccine marketing license holders and vaccine distribution entities violate the management norms of vaccine storage and transportation other than those specified in Article 85 of this Law, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order them to make corrections, give them a warning and confiscate their illegal income; Refuses to correct, the vaccination units, vaccine marketing license holders, vaccine distribution units at more than one hundred thousand yuan to three hundred thousand yuan fine; If the circumstances are serious, the vaccination unit, vaccine marketing license holder and vaccine distribution unit shall be fined for illegally storing and transporting vaccines with a value of more than three times and less than ten times. If the value is less than 100,000 yuan, it shall be calculated as 100,000 yuan.

　　If the disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units commit illegal acts as prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the health department of the people’s government at or above the county level may give warning to the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel according to law until dismissal, and order the responsible medical and health personnel to suspend their practice activities for more than six months and less than one year; If serious consequences are caused, the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be dismissed according to law, and the practice certificate of the responsible medical and health personnel shall be revoked by the original issuing department.

　　Article 87 If a disease prevention and control institution or vaccination unit violates the provisions of this Law in any of the following circumstances, the competent health department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections, give it a warning and confiscate its illegal income; If the circumstances are serious, the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given a warning until dismissal, and the responsible medical and health personnel shall be ordered to suspend their practice activities for more than one year and less than 18 months; If serious consequences are caused, the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be dismissed according to law, and the practice certificate of the responsible medical and health personnel shall be revoked by the original issuing department:

　　(1) Failing to supply, receive or purchase vaccines as required;

　　(two) vaccination did not comply with the vaccination work norms, immunization procedures, vaccine use guidelines, vaccination program;

　　(three) unauthorized mass vaccination.

　　Article 88 If a disease prevention and control institution or vaccination unit violates the provisions of this Law in any of the following circumstances, the competent health department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections and give it a warning; If the circumstances are serious, the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given a warning until dismissal, and the responsible medical and health personnel shall be ordered to suspend their practice activities for more than six months and less than one year; If serious consequences are caused, the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be dismissed according to law, and the practice certificate of the responsible medical and health personnel shall be revoked by the original issuing department:

　　(1) Failing to provide traceability information as required;

　　(2) Failing to obtain and keep relevant certification documents and temperature monitoring records in accordance with regulations when receiving or purchasing vaccines;

　　(3) Failing to establish and keep records of vaccine receipt, purchase, storage, distribution, supply, inoculation and disposal in accordance with regulations;

　　(4) Failing to inform or ask the recipient or his guardian about the situation in accordance with the regulations.

　　Article 89 If disease prevention and control institutions, vaccination units and medical institutions fail to report suspected abnormal vaccination reactions and vaccine safety incidents in accordance with regulations, or fail to organize investigation and diagnosis of suspected abnormal vaccination reactions in accordance with regulations, the competent health department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order them to make corrections and give them a warning; If the circumstances are serious, the vaccination units and medical institutions shall be fined between 50,000 yuan and 500,000 yuan, and the principal responsible persons, directly responsible personnel in charge and other directly responsible personnel of the disease prevention and control institutions, vaccination units and medical institutions shall be given a warning according to law until dismissal; If serious consequences are caused, the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be dismissed according to law, and the practice certificate of the responsible medical and health personnel shall be revoked by the original issuing department.

　　Article 90 If a disease prevention and control institution or vaccination unit collects fees in violation of the provisions of this Law, the competent health department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall supervise it to return the illegally collected fees to the unit or individual who originally paid the fees, and the market supervision and management department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall punish it according to law.

　　Article 91 Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, engages in immunization planning vaccination without being designated by the competent health department of the local people’s government at or above the county level, or engages in non-immunization planning vaccination that does not meet the requirements or has not been put on record, shall be ordered by the competent health department of the people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections, give a warning, confiscate the illegal income and illegally held vaccines, be ordered to suspend business for rectification, and be fined not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 1 million yuan. The principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be punished according to law.

　　In violation of the provisions of this law, units or individuals other than disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units carry out mass vaccination without authorization, and the health authorities of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall order them to make corrections, confiscate the illegal income and illegally held vaccines, and impose a fine of not less than 10 times but not more than 30 times the value of illegally held vaccines. If the value is less than 50,000 yuan, it shall be calculated as 50,000 yuan.

　　Ninety-second guardians who fail to ensure that school-age children are vaccinated on time according to law shall be criticized and educated by the health authorities of the people’s government at the county level and ordered to make corrections.

　　Nursery institutions and schools that fail to check vaccination certificates in accordance with the regulations when children enter kindergartens and schools, or fail to report to the vaccination unit after discovering children who have not been vaccinated in accordance with the regulations, the education administrative department of the local people’s government at or above the county level shall order them to make corrections, give them a warning, and punish the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel according to law.

　　Article 93 Whoever fabricates or disseminates false vaccine safety information, or makes trouble in the inoculation unit, which constitutes a violation of public security administration, shall be punished by the public security organ according to law.

　　Newspapers, periodicals, radio, television, Internet sites and other media fabricate and disseminate false information about vaccine safety, and the relevant departments shall punish them according to law, and the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be punished according to law.

　　Article 94 If the local people’s governments at or above the county level have any of the following circumstances in vaccine supervision and management, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be demoted or dismissed according to law; If the circumstances are serious, he shall be dismissed according to law; Causing serious consequences, the main person in charge shall resign:

　　(a) ineffective performance of duties, resulting in serious adverse effects or heavy losses;

　　(2) Concealing, misrepresenting, delaying or omitting vaccine safety incidents;

　　(3) Interfering with or obstructing the investigation of vaccine violations or vaccine safety incidents;

　　(four) a particularly serious vaccine safety accident occurred in the administrative area, or a series of major vaccine safety accidents occurred.

　　Article 95 If the drug supervision and administration department, health department and other departments have any of the following circumstances in vaccine supervision and management, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be demoted or dismissed according to law; If the circumstances are serious, he shall be dismissed according to law; Causing serious consequences, the main person in charge shall resign:

　　(a) failing to perform the duties of supervision and inspection, or failing to investigate and deal with illegal acts in time;

　　(two) unauthorized mass vaccination;

　　(3) Concealing, misrepresenting, delaying or omitting vaccine safety incidents;

　　(4) Interfering with or obstructing the investigation of vaccine violations or vaccine safety incidents;

　　(5) divulging the information of informants;

　　(six) received a report on the suspected abnormal reaction to vaccination, and failed to organize the investigation and handling in accordance with the provisions;

　　(seven) other acts that fail to perform the duties of vaccine supervision and management, resulting in serious adverse effects or heavy losses.

　　Article 96 If the vaccine quality problem causes damage to the recipients, the holder of the vaccine marketing license shall be liable for compensation according to law.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units that violate vaccination work norms, immunization procedures, guiding principles for the use of vaccines, and vaccination programs, causing damage to the recipients, shall be liable for compensation according to law.

Chapter XI Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 97 The meanings of the following terms in this Law are:

　　Immunization vaccines refer to vaccines that residents should be vaccinated in accordance with government regulations, including vaccines determined by the national immunization program, vaccines added by the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government when implementing the national immunization program, and vaccines used for emergency vaccination or mass vaccination organized by the people’s governments at or above the county level or their health authorities.

　　Non-EPI vaccines refer to other vaccines voluntarily vaccinated by residents.

　　The holder of vaccine marketing license refers to an enterprise that has obtained the registration certificate of vaccine drugs and the drug production license according to law.

　　Article 98 The State encourages vaccine production enterprises to produce and export vaccines in accordance with international procurement requirements.

　　The exported vaccine shall meet the standards or contract requirements of the importing country (region).

　　Article 99 Entry-exit vaccination and procurement of required vaccines shall be separately stipulated by the frontier health and quarantine organ in consultation with the financial department of the State Council.

　　Article 100 This Law shall come into force as of December 1, 2019.

　　● Installing elevators in old communities not only helps to alleviate the problem of "travel difficulties" of the elderly in the aging society, but also is a powerful measure to promote the transformation of old communities. At present, the modes of installing elevators mainly include agent leasing, self-construction by residents and investment by property rights units or collective organizations.

　　● At present, there are still various problems in practice. For example, it is difficult to get residents’ satisfaction by installing elevators. Some residents refuse to install elevators because of sharing the cost and causing inconvenience to their lives. Some residents regret after installing elevators, which leads to many community contradictions and disputes.

　　● In terms of policy design, local governments can further improve the voting rules for installing elevators within the legal framework; Formulate quantitative compensation standards according to disputed matters; According to the frequently disputed problems in the process of elevator installation and the technical problems that residents are generally concerned about, relevant action guidelines or operation manuals shall be worked out.

　　□ Trainee reporter of this newspaper Sun Tianjiao Zhang Shoukun

　　□ Our reporter Han Dandong

　　At 10 am on January 15th, 76-year-old Uncle Wang was sitting on the community promenade in Gaojiayuan Community, Chaoyang District, Beijing, chatting with his neighbors. This is the first time he went downstairs in nearly half a month.

　　The residential area where Uncle Wang lives was built in 1980s, and it is a six-story unit building with no elevator. He lives on the top floor. Because of the inconvenience of his legs and feet, he usually doesn’t go downstairs. The necessities of daily life are sent by his son who lives in the same city every few days.

　　"If only there were an elevator outside the building, it would be much more convenient to go up and down." Uncle Wang is looking forward to it.

　　Nowadays, in cities, there are more and more elderly people like Uncle Wang who are "difficult to climb the stairs" and "not free to go downstairs". According to the statistics of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and other relevant departments, the number of old houses built in China from 1980 to 2000 is about 8 billion square meters, and more than 70% of the urban elderly people live in old buildings without elevators. It is estimated that the number of elevators needed to be installed in old buildings in China is more than 2 million.

　　In recent years, the national and local authorities have paid more and more attention to the elevator installation project in old residential areas. According to the official news of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, since 2019, 112,000 old urban communities have been newly started and renovated nationwide, and nearly 20,000 elevators have been installed in various places in combination with the renovation of old urban communities.

　　In terms of quantity, the gap of installing elevators in old communities is still large. However, according to a recent investigation by the reporter of the Rule of Law Daily, there are still various problems in practice. For example, it is difficult to get residents’ agreement on installing elevators. Some residents refuse to install elevators because of cost sharing and inconvenience in life, and some residents regret after installing elevators, which has led to many community contradictions and disputes.

　　Experts interviewed by the reporter agreed that it is indeed necessary to install elevator projects in old communities, but it is necessary to establish a more clear and understandable policy system and update rules to form a more perfect interest coordination mechanism.

　　Install elevators in old communities.

　　High-rise residents have received constant praise.

　　Uncle Zhang, who lives in Building 50, Tiantan Dongli, Dongcheng District, Beijing, is luckier than Uncle Wang — — The outdoor elevator has been installed in the residential unit building where he lives.

　　Uncle Zhang is over 70 years old this year, and a family of five lives on the sixth floor of Unit 4. Before the elevator was installed, everyone in the family was full of complaints about going up and down the stairs: grandson usually goes to school and wants to play with his friends, always complaining that climbing stairs is tiring and wasting time; The old couple usually buy food or take heavy things outside, and it is particularly difficult to move upstairs.

　　In 2018, the community installed outdoor elevators for units 3 and 4, which made it much more convenient for residents to swipe their cards and go upstairs and downstairs.

　　At the end of December 2021, the reporter came to the community to see that in addition to the elevators already built in Units 3 and 4, a new external elevator was being built between Units 1 and 2. A passing unit resident said, "We were envious when we saw that they had an elevator. Now we finally have it, so we don’t have to climb the stairs."

　　The reporter interviewed a number of elderly people randomly and found that after the installation of elevators in old communities, high-rise residents received constant praise.

　　In the Beili Community of Fatou, Chaoyang District, Beijing, the reporter saw that the highest floor of this old community built in the 1980s is 6 floors. In front of Building 16, four completed external elevators have been erected, and several elevators are under construction in front of Building 17.

　　On the wing of Building 17, the reporter saw Ms. Han who went downstairs for a walk. Ms. Han, 78, lives with her wife on the 4th floor, Unit 3, Building 17. Because there is no elevator, it is inconvenient to go up and down the stairs. My son once proposed to buy a house with an elevator for them, but the parents could not bear to part with the neighborhood, so they gave up.

　　"Fortunately, it is necessary to install an elevator now. For our family, it really saves time, effort and money." Ms. Han said.

　　According to Yang Qinfa, director of the Institute of Real Estate Policy and Law of East China University of Political Science and Law, the installation of elevators in old communities not only helps to alleviate the problem of travel difficulties for the elderly in an aging society, but also is a powerful measure to promote the transformation of old communities. At the same time, it is a major livelihood project to promote the installation of elevators in old residential areas. Apart from the broad market prospect of elevator industry, the installation of elevators in old residential areas can also promote the development of industrial chains related to real estate, which is also of great significance to stimulate residents’ consumption.

　　During the interview, the reporter found that the current mode of installing elevators in old communities is not exactly the same.

　　When Ms. Wang, who lives in the 6th floor, Unit 2, Building 17, an old residential area in xiaodian district, Taiyuan, Shanxi, installed the elevator in her residential area, she adopted a more traditional way of joint investment by residents. According to Ms. Wang, at that time, the government subsidized a lot of funds. The first to second floor residents did not bear the installation cost, and the expenses shared by the third to sixth floors varied according to the floor height, with a maximum of about 18,000 yuan. As the top resident, Ms. Wang contributed a total of 18,300 yuan.

　　Beijing Tiantan Dongli Building No.50 and Fatou Beili Community are different. It is understood that residents did not spend a penny when installing elevators in these two communities. After the elevators are built, residents can take the elevator card, just like taking a bus. Whoever takes the elevator will pay for it.

　　In front of the elevator in Building 50 in Dongli, Tiantan, the reporter found that non-resident visitors can also take the elevator by scanning the QR code through their mobile phones. The single price is 1.5 yuan, regardless of the floor. According to Uncle Zhang, residents in the building will get a "preferential price" after they get a card, which varies from 0.5 yuan to 0.9 yuan according to different floors. "Our family lives on the top floor, and every time we take the elevator, we have to spend 0.9 yuan. My grandson often goes back and forth after having the elevator. In fact, the cost is not small. Our family spends more than 100 yuan on the elevator every month."

　　At present, the elevators in Fatou Beili Community only support credit card use, and foreign visitors can’t ride without a card.

　　Yang Qinfa said that at present, there are three main modes of installing elevators, namely, residents’ self-construction, agent leasing and property rights units or collective organizations’ investment.

　　Yang Qinfa believes that among the three ways, the best way for residents is "agent leasing": the elevator is built by a third party, and residents in the community only need to pay a certain ride fee when using the elevator, and the maintenance fee, maintenance fee and electricity fee of the elevator are borne by the third party. This method can solve the problem of capital contribution among residents, but the difficulty lies in the will of the elevator company because of the great pressure on it. Therefore, at present, the owner’s self-financing and self-construction method is also being implemented.

　　Many problems cannot be ignored.

　　One-vote veto is controversial

　　Although the call for installing elevators is strong, the reporter randomly visited 12 old residential areas in Beijing and Tianjin and found that only three have installed elevators, and the number and proportion are still relatively small, and they have not covered all residential buildings. In addition, some residents have different troubles in the residential areas where elevators have been installed or planned.

　　Mr. Liu, a 76-year-old resident on the first floor of Unit 6, Building 16, Fatou Beili Community, said, "We are old neighbors for decades, so I agreed without any hesitation when I asked the residents about installing the elevator, but I encountered some troubles after installing the elevator."

　　Because he lives on the first floor, Mr. Liu immediately felt that the lighting in the room was affected after the elevator was built. Usually, the lighting in the living room is quite good, but even during the day after the elevator, you have to turn on the lights at home, otherwise you can’t see clearly.

　　In addition, outside the window of Mr. Liu’s kitchen is the elevator. When the elevator is designed, it extends a eaves, which is just as high as the window on the first floor. As a result, rain water will drip into Mr. Liu’s kitchen along the eaves when it rains, and the kitchen will become damp over time.

　　Ms. Wang of Taiyuan also feels that there are some problems: "The elevators in the community are installed outside the building, which takes up a lot of outdoor space, which affects the neatness, neatness and beauty of the outdoor, and therefore reduces the number of parking spaces."

　　Ms. Wang recalled that at that time, the low-rise residents in the next unit did not agree to install elevators, because it would reduce the rent and the selling price of second-hand houses. They even asked other residents to pay compensation, otherwise they would resolutely oppose it, so that everyone could not install elevators. "The residents of that unit also quarreled many times, and the neighborhood Committee could not mediate, and eventually it was not installed."

　　It is not uncommon for low-rise residents to oppose the installation of elevators. In Building 16, Beili Community, Fatou, no elevators have been installed in Units 2 and 4. The reporter learned from the residents that this was because the low-rise residents of Units 2 and 4 explicitly opposed it when soliciting the opinions of residents at that time, so they were not built at the same time.

　　It is reported that at present, the procedures for installing elevators in old residential areas in Beijing mainly refer to the Manual for Comprehensive Renovation of Old Residential Areas in Beijing issued by the Beijing Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development in April 2020, in which the requirement for soliciting residents’ opinions is that "the intention and preliminary plan of installing elevators in existing multi-storey houses should fully listen to the opinions of all owners within the scope of the proposed installation of elevators, and be agreed by the owners whose exclusive parts account for more than two-thirds of the total construction area of the unit and more than two-thirds of the total number, and other owners have no objection".

　　This means that once residents clearly express their opposition, even if the proportion of owners who agree is up to standard, the unit still cannot be equipped with elevators.

　　Like Beijing, the "one-vote veto" system in which one person opposes the total denial of the installation of elevators in old residential areas has been "evaded" in many places through relevant regulations.

　　For example, in January, 2021, Shanghai Housing and Urban-Rural Development Management Committee and Shanghai Housing Authority jointly issued the Notice on Adjusting the Vote Proportion of Owners Adding Elevators to Existing Multi-storey Houses in this Municipality, which stipulated that applicants should fully negotiate on the intention and specific scheme of adding elevators, and solicit the opinions of all owners of the building where they are located. Owners with exclusive parts accounting for more than two-thirds of the area and more than two-thirds of the owners participated in the voting, and owners with exclusive parts accounting for more than three-quarters of the area participated in the voting.

　　The Interim Measures for the Installation of Elevators in Existing Houses in Qingdao also stipulates that if the owners fail to reach an agreement after full friendly consultation, the owners whose exclusive parts account for more than two-thirds of the area of this unit (this building) and whose number accounts for more than two-thirds will participate in the voting, and the written consent will be signed by the owners who participate in the voting for more than three-quarters of the exclusive parts and who participate in the voting.

　　According to Yang Qinfa, because the installation of elevators is a major issue related to joint ownership and management, in accordance with the provisions of Article 278 of the Civil Code, the legal voting procedures should be agreed by the owners who participate in voting for more than three-quarters of the exclusive area and more than three-quarters of the voting people. "The above regulations can obviously solve the current situation that one person’s opposition can hinder the installation of elevators."

　　However, Yang Qinfa said that there are more detailed regulations on elevator installation in various places, and at present, most of them are based on their local regulations. Whether to adopt the "one-vote veto system" on the issue of installing elevators in old communities to solicit residents’ opinions is still controversial.

　　Work together to solve difficult problems.

　　Fully protect the convenience and benefit the people.

　　In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the installation of elevators in old communities. The reporter found out that the renovation of old residential areas in the "14 th Five-Year Plan" for housing in many places involved the installation of elevators. For example, the "14 th Five-Year Plan for Urban Housing Development in Jiangsu Province" puts forward that "the shortcomings of public services such as child care, old-age care, and housekeeping should be filled, and the greening transformation and the aging transformation of existing multi-storey houses with elevators and barrier-free facilities should be encouraged"; The Tenth Five-Year Plan for the Development of Urban Housing in Zhejiang Province puts forward measures such as accelerating the installation of elevators in residential buildings and vigorously improving the quality of living.

　　Yang Qinfa said that the installation of elevators in old residential areas involves different interests of residents in the community and requires a lot of coordination work; On the other hand, it involves complicated examination and approval procedures. For elevator installation enterprises, they are obviously more inclined to engage in elevator installation business in new houses with higher efficiency.

　　For the further improvement of installing elevators in old residential areas, Yang Qinfa proposed that policy design should be changed from rule-oriented to goal-oriented in the process of standardization. The service object of urban renewal is residents, so it is particularly important to establish a clear division of powers and responsibilities, standardized operating procedures, easy-to-understand policy system and renewal rules.

　　"Compared with regular policies, target-oriented policies tend to adopt the method of mobilizing governance in the specific implementation process, that is, pooling the main bodies and resources of the grassroots administrative system and community governance system as much as possible, which is conducive to promoting the efficient implementation of policies." Yang Qinfa suggested that in policy design, local governments can start from the following three aspects: to further improve the voting rules for installing elevators within the legal framework; Determine the compensation basis of relevant interests, and formulate quantitative compensation standards according to disputed matters, such as construction noise compensation; Accelerate the formulation of the code of conduct for elevator installation, and formulate relevant code of conduct or operation manual around the controversial common problems and technical problems that residents are generally concerned about in the process of elevator installation.

　　At the same time, he also noticed the problem of government responsibility boundary in the process of elevator installation. In the initial stage of urban renewal projects such as installing elevators, the government still needs to take the initiative to play its role, organize and coordinate various forces, and form a driving and demonstration. When the time is ripe, we will gradually withdraw and hand over the "right to speak" to residents, who will actively coordinate, declare and promote the project.

　　"For example, it is difficult for the owners to reach an agreement on the distribution of relevant interests through self-negotiation. The relief and compensation mechanism should be improved, such as clarifying that the examination and approval authorities include the administrative reconsideration organs of construction, planning, fire protection, housing management and other departments, and establishing a professional administrative mediation mechanism for the transformation of old communities. In addition, it is also necessary to combine local economic levels, transaction prices of second-hand houses and other factors, and formulate a unified bottom-up method for residents who benefit from the appreciation of elevator houses to compensate for the depreciation of elevator houses, and guide residents who benefit from installing elevators to compensate residents whose interests are damaged, which is in line with the principle of fairness and reduces the infringement on the legitimate rights and interests of damaged residents. " Yang Qinfa said.

　　In terms of funds, Xu Fei, a lawyer of Beijing Yinghe Law Firm, suggested that social capital should be fully introduced and a variety of funds should be used to solve the problem of financial difficulties in adding elevators. At the same time, the volume of a single elevator project will be expanded, and bidding will be conducted jointly to reduce the cost of adding a single elevator.

　　For the daily maintenance of elevators, Xu Fei believes that professional elevator maintenance units or property management companies should be introduced for custody to strengthen the daily management and maintenance of elevators.

　　Yang Qinfa also suggested that an interest coordination mechanism should be established in the process of co-governance. On the one hand, we can explore the implementation of the "divided household system" for members of community neighborhood committees, go deep into every household in the responsibility area, listen to and collect residents’ views and opinions on installing elevators, register them in categories, and reflect them to the government and enterprises for communication; On the other hand, under the leadership of the relevant authorities, the community can set up a discussion platform for renovation with the participation of neighborhood committees, construction units and residents’ self-governing organizations, so as to provide open, fair and just ways and opportunities for participants with different opinions to solve disputes.

　　"Installing an elevator is not a one-step process, and its process is complicated. In the stage of coordination of residents’ interests, project approval and publicity, elevator installation and acceptance and later operation and maintenance, in order to achieve different goals, multiple subjects need to cooperate with each other. " Yang Qinfa said.

In 2021, the relevant departments of the central government selected some cities and counties to carry out the first phase of party building in the field of road freight, and Danyang City was the first batch of pilot counties in Jiangsu Province. In the pilot work, the distinctive practice of "setting up a mobile party member Party branch relying on the traffic comprehensive law enforcement squadron to manage party member, an individual driver within the jurisdiction" created by Danyang has been fully affirmed by the competent authorities at all levels. The Ministry of Transport and the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Transportation have visited Danyang for investigation and guidance many times, and have been promoted nationwide and throughout the province.

I. Background and motivation

The manufacturing industry in Danyang is developed, and the export of raw materials and products is "two-headed", so there is a great demand for freight. There are 3,972 road freight operators in the city, including 838 enterprises and 3,134 self-employed households. There are 6,053 employees and 5,458 truck drivers, including 2,311 corporate drivers, 3,147 individual drivers and 88 drivers in party member, accounting for 1.6% of the drivers. The survey found that in recent years, affected by the economic downturn, COVID-19 epidemic and industry competition, there are mainly "five difficulties" in truck drivers:

One is the embarrassment of traveling. "The wheels have gone through thousands of waters in Qian Shan, and the drivers have suffered a lot.". In order to save time and cost, truck drivers often live in a narrow cab with the car as their home and the road as their partner, which makes it difficult to park, eat and wash. Especially in the current situation of multi-point epidemic, truck drivers running around often become the key targets of prevention and control, which are followed by persuasion, denial of access, vehicle isolation and different access policies, and they encounter it is hard to go.

The second is worries. A car carries not only goods, but also the livelihood of a family. Truck drivers are the pillars of the family, and some have to repay their vehicle loans and support their family life. Without goods, there is no source of income. Truck drivers have high work intensity, high risk, frequent occupational diseases and lack of relevant protection.

The third is the urgency of safeguarding rights. Truck drivers pull other people’s goods, but sometimes they can’t protect their rights. At present, there are many cars and less goods in the freight industry, such as freight arrears and stealing oil and goods, which leads to a poor working environment. It is difficult for self-employed drivers to grasp transportation policies and regulatory rules in time, and sometimes "there is no way to appeal", and some reasonable demands are difficult to be effectively solved.

Fourth, the confusion of identity, the road freight industry is at the end of the industrial chain. In the survey, many truck drivers admitted that "this job is not decent" and "it is not a long-term solution to make a living". There is no working time from nine to five, only a lonely and busy figure. When encountering unexpected situations, lacking psychological counseling and emotional relief, people often feel helpless and even have extreme behaviors.

The fifth is the difficulty of losing control. The management and service of truck drivers involve many departments, such as transportation, public security, market supervision and network information. The driver’s party member organizational relationship is generally in the place of residence or household registration, and people follow the car to become a moving party member. The "two lines" between the competent department of industry and the party organization do not intersect with each other, which objectively forms the "two skins" of business work and party building work. party member’s identity consciousness is indifferent, and his vanguard and exemplary role is not obvious.

Second, the main practices

Since 2021, Danyang City has focused on the "five difficulties" of truck drivers, made it clear that "goods run in Wan Li, the Party builds a long journey" as the main line of work, and insisted that "where truck driver party member goes, the Party’s organization and work will cover", so as to build a brand of party building in the road freight industry with "wheels rolling in party flag Red" and strive to create a warm "home" for truck drivers.

1. Strengthen industry joint construction, establish regional party workers’ organizations, and promote comprehensive coverage of party organizations and work. According to the professional characteristics and working status of truck drivers, we should innovate the way of organization setting and explore an organization system that runs through from top to bottom and covers a wide range. The first is to establish an industry party Committee. Relying on the transportation bureau, the county-level road freight industry party Committee was established, and it accepted the leadership of the transportation bureau party Committee and the "two new""Working committee guidance. Formulate and issue pilot opinions, establish joint departmental meetings, "double promotion" in the road freight industry, and form a working pattern in which the organization department takes the lead, the transportation department is specifically responsible, and the public security, trade unions, market supervision, and local governments work together. Support and guide the work of industry party committees by selecting party construction instructors and implementing party construction funds. The second is to form a "functional party branch"". Through enterprise investigation, village community consultation, transportation system information comparison and telephone inquiry, 88 truck drivers in party member were verified, including 42 in party member. According to the concept of gridding, relying on the land law enforcement squadrons of various districts of the Municipal Traffic and Transportation Comprehensive Law Enforcement Brigade, six functional party branches of truck drivers were established, with the staff of the law enforcement squadron party member as the party branch secretary. According to the mode of "one party subordinate and multiple management", party member, a mobile driver, was urged to report to the functional party branch of the freight driver in his residence nearby, and 58 mobile drivers party member and party member, an enterprise driver who did not have the conditions to establish a party branch separately, formed an organizational structure of "industry party committee+gridded party branch" to realize the mobile driver. The third is to unite the joint efforts of trade unions. Actively give play to the role of trade unions in cohesion and encouragement, promote road freight enterprises to form trade unions according to law, explore new ways and paths for truck drivers to join trade unions, innovatively set up a municipal road freight industry trade union federation and six district road freight industry joint trade unions, promote the first batch of 813 truck drivers to join trade unions, unite more drivers around party organizations, and promote the deep integration and overall improvement of party building, industry and construction.

2. Adhere to the organization linkage, implement tripartite education, and promote the flow of truck drivers. The education management in party member is effective. Follow the characteristics of road freight enterprises and truck drivers, give full play to the tripartite role of truck drivers’ party committees, functional party branches and local party organizations in party member, establish five working systems such as centralized learning and special activities of party branches, and explore a long-term mechanism for the education and management of truck drivers in party member. The first is to strengthen the "unification" of industry party committees. Relying on the comprehensive performance testing center of motor vehicles, we will build a county-level service center for the party and the masses in the road freight industry, as the seat of the party committee of the industry, and integrate "one-stop" services such as truck testing, annual inspection, violation handling, publicity and education, rest and fitness. Implement a special fund of 100,000 yuan every year, comprehensively guide the education and management of truck drivers in party member, and promote the service center between the party and the masses to keep the doors open, the places commonly used, the activities often held, and the drivers often come to gather popularity and people’s hearts. The second is to strengthen the "grasping" of functional party branches. Party-mass service stations should be built in each functional party branch, so that party member can participate in branch activities nearby. Take the way of "online learning as the mainstay and offline activities as the supplement", establish a branch WeChat group, and rely on online platforms such as learning power and Jiangsu Pioneer.Organize party member, an individual truck driver, to carry out activities such as political theory study, road transportation, traffic safety and other laws and regulations publicity and education, volunteer service, etc., to ensure that the organizational life is continuous, not out of shape, and not lacking items, and to enhance political leadership and political cohesion for the truck driver group. At the same time, a "political living room" will be set up in the homes of freight companies and truck drivers at gas stations."Let party member hear the voice of the Party anytime and anywhere when parking and having a rest, and get party spirit education. The third is to strengthen the "pocket" of local party organizations. Establish a two-way mutual recognition mechanism between functional party branches and village (community) party organizations, explore party member, the truck driver’s "pioneering outstanding achievements and integral management", and the functional party branches will give feedback to the village (community) party organizations every year as an important reference for democratic evaluation of party member, so that drivers in party member can stop to see the organization image, hear the organization voice when they run, and feel recognized by the organization when they get home.

3. Highlight the service connection, do three kinds of care, and promote the warmth of the party to be transmitted to truck drivers to the maximum extent. Actively respond to the demands and hopes of truck drivers, give play to the role of party organizations at all levels, do a good job of unity and cohesion, and effectively help truck drivers solve their "urgent difficulties and worries"And safeguard the legitimate rights and interests. The first is to strengthen road care. Relying on freight platform enterprises to build a "driver’s home" and relying on gas stations to build a "red gas station", so that long-distance truck drivers can drink hot water, eat hot meals, take a hot bath, sleep well, and get through the contact service "the last meter". Recently, the Party Committee of Danyang Road Freight Industry, in addition to doing its best to prevent and control the epidemic situation at traffic checkpoints, took into account the long journey and difficult transportation of truck drivers, and began to organize personnel to send more than 25,000 love snacks to long-distance truck drivers from other places in Denmark on April 7, which made the majority of drivers and passengers feel caring. The second is to strengthen care for difficulties. We formulated special measures to care for truck drivers, improved the system of heart-to-heart talks, and strengthened humanistic care and psychological counseling. Party branch secretaries conducted "home visits" to 58 truck drivers in party member to learn more about party member’s work, life and family, and listen to their opinions and suggestions. Highlighting the precise assistance of truck drivers with difficulties, the Party Committee of the industry, together with civil affairs, trade unions and other departments, sorted out and investigated 5,458 truck drivers in the city, established management files, managed one person and one file dynamically, helped and rescued more than 40 families of truck drivers with difficulties, and sent the care and warmth of party organizations to the hearts of the majority of truck drivers. The third is to strengthen the appeal and care. Establish and improve the appeal direct mechanism of "employees-party member-platform enterprises, mobile party member Party branches-industry party committees", establish two systems of truck drivers’ appeal resolution and difficulty assistance, and clarify the "three musts"That is to say, the problems reflected must be registered, solved within a limited time or handed in in time, the parties must be given feedback, and the contact number of party member, a functional party branch, should be made public. Establish a rapid response mechanism for classification and classification of appeals, classify legitimate and reasonable appeals according to industries and levels, clarify the time limit for disposal, and highlight the style of "doing it right away". At present, more than 60 items have been solved, such as parking difficulties, children’s schooling, re-employment, and related expenses reduction and exemption.Be anxious and anxious"Problems, so that the demands of the majority of drivers are reflected, problems are coordinated, and difficulties are solved.

4. Highlight the joint efforts of the Party and the masses and carry out three actions to promote party flag to fly high in the road freight industry. Promote the transformation of truck drivers’ groups from governance objects to governance forces, effectively activate the role of truck drivers’ party organizations and party member, and constantly unite truck drivers’ groups to love the party. The first is to carry out "industry pioneer"Action. Explore party building to lead industry self-discipline, win logistics in platform enterprises, establish the vision of "keeping the oath of joining the party and building smart logistics together", build enterprise party-mass service centers, and integrate party building work into all aspects of enterprise development. Carry out safety education and share safety stories in drivers’ homes and party branch activities. At the same time, establish and improve the self-discipline convention of road freight industry, guide enterprises and drivers to work safely, standardize services, and improve their professional level. The second is to carry out "pioneer on the chain""action. In the road freight work chain, guide the truck driver party member to post, show his identity, clarify his responsibilities and set an example. Promote the functional party branch to contact more than 5 truck drivers in each party member, and collect and report the rights and interests maintenance and group dynamics in a timely manner. We will carry out the selection of outstanding models, comprehensively consider the performance of model taking the lead, obeying laws and regulations, driving safely, and service effectiveness, and select 20 "most beautiful drivers" among truck drivers, 10 "pioneer party member" among driver party member, and 5 "pioneer motorcades" among freight enterprises to better mobilize the enthusiasm of drivers. The third is to carry out "Anti-epidemic pioneer"action. Give full play to the role of the party organization as a fighting fortress, and guide the majority of truck drivers to effectively guarantee the transportation of emergency materials and production and living goods in the epidemic prevention and control work. In March this year, affected by the epidemic, agricultural products in many planting bases in Danyang were unsalable. The Party Committee of Danyang Road Freight Industry immediately launched freight logistics enterprises and production enterprises to help transport and sell agricultural products. Freight drivers took the initiative to participate in the "Helping Agriculture Action" to help solve the urgent needs and effectively shoulder the heavy responsibility of ensuring supply and smoothness, which was praised by the masses.

Third, some inspirations

Starting from the characteristics and laws of party building work in road freight industry, this paper reviews and summarizes the practice of party building work in road freight industry, and gives us the following enlightenment on where "party flag Red" should be popular:

First, "Red" is led by the Party building, and only by insisting that party flag floats in the front line can we build a strong organizational fortress. Upholding the leadership of the Party is the core of all work. Practice shows that the fundamental reason for a series of achievements in party building in Danyang road freight industry lies in giving full play to the role of the party’s leading core and political core. By strengthening the construction of functional party branches in party member, giving play to the role of the party organization as a fighting fortress and a vanguard and exemplary role in party member, the party’s political advantage is transformed into an endogenous driving force for the development of the industry, constantly boosting the spirit, rallying strength, and promoting the realization of quality improvement, efficiency improvement and healthy development of the industry.

Second, the "red" is cohesive, and insisting on resources sinking to the front line can stimulate the red power. In the grass-roots party building work, we need to think deeply about how to gather all kinds of resources, integrate all forces and comprehensively promote the party building work according to the development direction of the party. The number of party member in Danyang road freight industry is small, so it is difficult to cover the whole industry only by Party organizations. In practice, by integrating resources, innovating to set up trade union organizations, we strive to build a working pattern of "Party building leads industry construction, and industry construction promotes party building", which condenses the joint efforts of party workers and organizations, not only expands the coverage of party building work, but also optimizes the utilization of resources and consolidates the class foundation and mass foundation of the party’s governance.

Third, "red" is solving the problem and insisting on warmth to the front line in order to gain the recognition of truck drivers. How to effectively protect the rights and interests of truck drivers and solve the pain points, difficulties and blocking points that plague truck drivers has always been the difficulty of grassroots governance, and it is also the fundamental starting point and foothold for party building in the road freight industry. We always adhere to the problem orientation, strive to be "insiders" and not "bystanders", treat their "small things" as "important things" by creating a carrier of service positions, unblocking channels for reflecting demands, and establishing a problem-solving mechanism, and truly care for truck drivers, thus effectively enhancing their sense of acquisition, happiness and security.